分詞作狀語的理解技巧
可以肯定地說,分詞的狀語用法是所有分詞用法中最重要的,也是最難掌握的.歷年的高考英語考題也說明,分詞作狀語的用法是所有分詞用法中最常考的.因此,本文擬對分詞作狀語的用法作一小結(jié)和分析,同時歸納一些行之有效的做題方法和理解技巧,以幫助同學(xué)們掌握其用法.
一、用作時間狀語
1. 典型例句
Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 見到貓,老鼠就跑了.
The work finished, he went home. 工作做完后,他就回家了.
2. 理解技巧
分詞(短語)用作時間狀語通常可轉(zhuǎn)換成時間狀語從句(引導(dǎo)時間狀語的從屬連詞需根據(jù)句意來確定),如上面兩句也可轉(zhuǎn)換成：
When [As soon as] the mouse saw the cat, it ran off.
After the work was finished, he went home.
3. 高考實例
When _______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (2006浙江卷)
A. comparedB. being compared
C. comparing D. having compared
【分析】此題答案選C,分詞短語when comparing different cultures相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句when we compare different cultures.

二、用作原因狀語
1. 典型例句
Being very weak, she couldn't move. 她由于身體虛弱而不能行動.
His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的車壞了,所以只好走路.
Much discouraged, she moved on to London. 她很沮喪,搬到了倫敦.
2. 理解技巧
分詞(短語)用作原因狀語通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成由as, because, since, now that 等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句,如上面三句也可轉(zhuǎn)換成：
As she was very weak, she couldn’t move.
Because his car broken was down, he had to walk.
Because she was much discouraged, she moved on to London.
3. 高考實例
(1) ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (2006四川卷)
A. FacedB. Face C. Facing D. To face
【分析】答案選A.現(xiàn)在分詞短語faced with so much trouble可轉(zhuǎn)換成原因狀語從句because we were faced with so much trouble.
(2) ______ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (2006福建卷)
A. BlamingB. Blamed C. To blameD. To be blamed
【分析】答案選B.現(xiàn)在分詞短語blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network可轉(zhuǎn)換成原因狀語從句because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network.
三、用作條件狀語
1. 典型例句
Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作,你就可以成功.
Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 如果把它們加起來,我們就可以得到答案.
United, we stand; divided, we fall. 團結(jié)則存,分裂則亡.
Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多給點時間,我們可以做得更好.
2. 理解技巧
分詞(短語)用作條件狀語通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成由從屬連詞if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,如上面幾句也可轉(zhuǎn)換成：
If you work hard, you will succeed.
If we add them all up, we can find the answer.
If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.
If we had been given more time, we could have done it better.
3. 高考實例
______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. (2003北京春)
A. Having given B. To giveC. GivingD. Given
【分析】答案選D.give 與其邏輯主語 he 是動賓關(guān)系,用過去分詞,故選 D.分詞短語 Given time 可轉(zhuǎn)換成條件狀語從順 If he is given time.

四、用作讓步狀語
1. 典型例句
Although living miles away, he attended the course. 雖然住在幾英里以外,他仍去上課.
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 雖然被擊敗了,他仍是一個受歡迎的拳擊手.
2. 理解技巧
分詞(短語)用作讓步狀語通常可轉(zhuǎn)換成由從屬連詞though, although, no matter…等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,如上面兩句也可轉(zhuǎn)換成：
Although he lived miles away, he attended the course.
Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.
3. 高考實例
No matter how frequently ______, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. (2006廣東卷)
A. performedB. performing
C. to be performed D. being performed
【分析】答案選A.現(xiàn)在分詞短語performed在此相當(dāng)于they are performed.No matter how frequently they are performed的意思是“無論它們（指貝多芬的作品）被演奏多少次”.

五、用作伴隨狀語
1. 典型例句
He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看報.
Don't you sit there doing nothing. 別什么也不干坐在那里.
He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了進來,后面跟著他的妻子.
2. 理解技巧
理解“伴隨狀語”的關(guān)鍵是要理解“伴隨”二字.分詞(短語)用作伴隨狀語時,它表示的動作伴隨句子謂語動作同時發(fā)生,即句子謂語所表示的動作為主要動作,分詞短語所表示的動作伴隨性的次要動作.
3. 高考實例
(1) Don’t sit there ______ nothing. Come and help me with this table. (2006湖北卷)
A. doB. to do C. doingD. and doing
(2)My cousin came to see me from the country, ______ me a full basket of fresh fruits. (2006安徽卷)
A. broughtB. bringingC. to bringD. had brought
(3) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______ the same thing. (2006江蘇卷)
A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said
(4) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, ____A___ that all children like these things. (2006全國卷)
A. thinkingB. think C. to thinkD. thought
【分析】以上四題答案分別為CBAA.
六、用作方式狀語
1. 典型例句
He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠開卡車謀取生.
I'm returning you letter as requested. 我按要求給你退信.
2. 理解技巧
分詞(短語)用作方式狀語與用作伴隨狀語的情形比較接近.有時用作方式狀語的現(xiàn)在分詞可以轉(zhuǎn)換成by doing sth的結(jié)構(gòu),如上面第一句也可換成：
He earns a living by driving a truck.
注：近幾年高考對分詞用作方式狀語的情形考得較少.

七、用作結(jié)果狀語
1. 典型例句
He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他開槍了,打死了一個過路人.
He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了,留下他妻子和五個兒子.
It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out. 雨不停地下,車輛陷入泥沼,橋梁被水沖去.
2. 理解技巧
分詞(短語)用作結(jié)果狀語時,通常可轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句,如上面兩句也可轉(zhuǎn)換成：
He fired and killed one of the passers-by.
He died and left his wife with five children. (from www.nmet168.com)
It rained and rained, and vehicles were bogged and bridges were washed out.
3. 高考實例
(1) He glanced over at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (2005廣東卷)
A. notingB. noted C. to noteD. having noted
【分析】答案選A,此句也可換成：He glanced over at her and noted that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.
(2) Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. (2005山東卷)
A. have reached B. reaching
C. to reachD. to be reaching
【分析】答案選B,此句也可換成：Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year and reached a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.