耐心看啊O(∩_∩)O哈哈~
定義
動(dòng)名詞是一種兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞特征的非限定動(dòng)詞.它可以支配賓語,也能被副詞修飾.動(dòng)名詞有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化.
解釋：動(dòng)詞的ing形式如果是名詞,這個(gè)詞稱動(dòng)名詞.
作用
動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì),因此在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語等.
1、作主語
Reading is an art. 讀書是一種藝術(shù).
Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山是真有趣.
Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在這種工作條件下工作不是愉快而是痛苦.
動(dòng)名詞作主語,有時(shí)先用it作形式主語,把動(dòng)名詞置于句末.這種用法在習(xí)慣句型中常用.如：
It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 灑掉的牛奶哭也沒用.
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 勸說這樣的人加入真是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間.
It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上這種擁擠的車真難.
It is fun playing with children. 和孩子們一起玩真好.
There is no joking about such matters. 對這種事情不是開玩笑.
動(dòng)名詞作主語的幾種類型
動(dòng)名詞可以在句子中充當(dāng)名詞所能充當(dāng)?shù)亩喾N句子成分.在這里僅就動(dòng)名詞在句子中作主語的情況進(jìn)行討論.
動(dòng)名詞作主語有如下幾種常見情況：
1. 直接位于句首做主語.例如：
Swimming is a good sport in summer.
2. 用 it 作形式主語,把動(dòng)名詞(真實(shí)主語)置于句尾作后置主語.
動(dòng)名詞做主語時(shí),不太常用 it 作先行主語,多見于某些形容詞及名詞之后.例如：
It is no use telling him not to worry.
常見的能用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞還有：better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等.
注意：important,essential,necessary 等形容詞不能用于上述結(jié)構(gòu).
3. 用于“There be”結(jié)構(gòu)中.例如：
There is no saying when he'll come.很難說他何時(shí)回來.
4. 用于布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中.例如：
No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ).
No parking.
5. 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語
當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞有自己的邏輯主語時(shí),常可以在前面加上一個(gè)名詞或代詞的所有格,構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(——這時(shí),名詞或代詞的所有格做動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語).動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也可以在句中作主語.例如：
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
6.例詞
shopping fishing cycling這些都是很常見的動(dòng)名詞
二、動(dòng)名詞作主語與動(dòng)詞不定式作主語的比較
動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以用作主語.在意義上相近.但動(dòng)名詞多用來表示泛指或抽象動(dòng)作,不定式多用來表示特指或具體動(dòng)作.比較：
Smoking is not good for health.
It is not good for you to smoke so much.
注意：
1)在口語中,用動(dòng)名詞作主語位于句首的較不定式多見.
2)在“It is no use...”,“It is no good...”,“It is fun...”,“It is a waste of time...”等句型中,通常用動(dòng)名詞作真實(shí)主語：
It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that.
*It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that.
3)在疑問句中,通常用動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),而不用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語：
Does your saying that mean anything to him?
*Does for you to say that mean anything to him?
4)在“There be”句型中,只能用動(dòng)名詞,而不能用不定式作主語：
There is no telling what will happen.
It is impossible to tell what will happen.
5)當(dāng)句子中的主語和表語都是非限定動(dòng)詞時(shí),要遵循前后一致的原則,主語和表語在形式上要求統(tǒng)一：
Seeing is believing.
*To see is to believe.
2、作賓語
（1）作動(dòng)詞的賓語
某些動(dòng)詞后出現(xiàn)非限定性動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語,不能用不定式.常見的此類動(dòng)詞有：advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can’t stand, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等.如：
They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他們繼續(xù)走,說個(gè)不停.
I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海灘上走真是樂事.
（2）作介詞的賓語
We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我們正考慮為下學(xué)期制定新的計(jì)劃.
Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我們休息呢還是開始干活?
（3）作形容詞的賓語
The music is well worth listening to more than once. 這種曲子很值得多聽幾遍.
We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我們正為馬上到來的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)忙著做準(zhǔn)備.
3、作表語
動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句.表語動(dòng)名詞與主語通常是對等的關(guān)系,表示主語的內(nèi)容,主語、表語可互換位置.
Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶.(Cleaning the windows is your task.)
What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑. (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)
4、作定語
動(dòng)名詞作定語往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途.如：
a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking
a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing
a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading
a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring
sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping