(1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：
I have read the book.我讀過(guò)這本書(shū).
I have been reading the book.我一直在讀這本書(shū).
【注】有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞(如work,study,live,teach,stay等)在表示持續(xù)一時(shí)間時(shí)用這兩種時(shí)態(tài)含義差不多(只是用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行進(jìn)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性)：
How long have you worked [been working] here?你在這兒工作多久了?
I’ve lived [been living] here since 1988.自1988年以來(lái)我就一直住在這兒.
(2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常只陳述事實(shí),而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可表示一種感****彩：
I have waited for two hours.我等了兩小時(shí).(陳述事實(shí))
I have been waiting for two hours.我等了兩個(gè)小時(shí).(等得好辛苦)
(3) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)通常用來(lái)談?wù)撦^短暫的動(dòng)作或情況,若要談?wù)摃r(shí)間延續(xù)較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作或情況或永久性情況,則通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：
He has lived in Paris.他(一直)住在巴黎.
He has been living in Paris.他(目前)住在巴黎.(表暫時(shí)性)
(4) 不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞通常也不用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),但它們可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：
I’ve only known her for two day.我認(rèn)識(shí)她剛剛兩天.
They’ve been married for twenty years.他們結(jié)婚已二十年了.
The war has lasted for a long time.這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持續(xù)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間.
(5) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),若要用可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)代替：
The house has been painted for a month.這房子已漆了一個(gè)月.
The problem has been studied for five days.這個(gè)問(wèn)題已研究了五天.