不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別
（1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別.
現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語與過去分詞做狀語的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語的主動與被動關(guān)系的區(qū)別.
1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時,現(xiàn)在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作,它們之間的關(guān)系是主動關(guān)系.
He went out shutting the door behind him.
他出去后將門隨手關(guān)上.
Not knowing what to do,he went to his parents for help.
由于不知如何辦是好,他去找父母幫忙.
2）過去分詞作狀語時,過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作,它們之間的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系.
Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.
如果對這些樹多關(guān)心一些,它們本來會長得更好.
Faced with difficulties,we must try to overcome them.
在遇到困難的時候,我們必須設(shè)法克服.
(2)動詞不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別
1)分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨,而不定式常常表示目的.
They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．他們站在路邊談?wù)撝@個計(jì)劃.(伴隨)
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．他們站在路邊為的是談?wù)撨@個計(jì)劃.(目的)
2)分詞作狀語放在句子開頭,除表示原因之外有時表示時間或條件.動詞不定式作狀語時,除了表示目的以外,還表示結(jié)果或原因.
Reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch．由于在專心讀書,他忘了吃午飯的時間.(原因)
Reading carefully,he found something he had not known before．他仔細(xì)讀書時,發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西.(時間)
Reading carefully,you'll learn something new．只要你仔細(xì)閱讀,你會學(xué)到一些新的東西.(條件)
His family was too poor to support him．他的家庭太窮,不能維持他的生活.(結(jié)果)
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf．這男孩個子不夠高,手伸不到書架.(結(jié)果)
We are glad to hear the news．我們很高興聽到這消息.(原因)
（3）下面一些句型是不定式做狀語時候應(yīng)該注意的：
a：not/never too…to,too…not to ,but/only too… to,too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意義
b：做結(jié)果狀語的不定式只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾,常見的不定式動詞有：find,hear,see,be told,form,give,make,produce 等.
c：不定式做狀語時,其邏輯主語一般為句子的主語,否則用for引導(dǎo)主語.