1）否定的轉(zhuǎn)移
否定的轉(zhuǎn)移是指英語否定句在句中某一部分（常在謂語部分）,但在語義上卻是否定另一部分的現(xiàn)象.翻譯這類句子時不要單純依賴語法分析,而應(yīng)從語義上分析,根據(jù)上下文理解句意.例：
He doesn't teach because teaching is easy for him.
他之所以教書,并不是因?yàn)樗X得教書輕松.（否定轉(zhuǎn)移到because引起的原因狀語從句.）
2）否定轉(zhuǎn)移的基本類型
英語中的否定形式錯綜復(fù)雜,否定的部分可以是全句的任何成分.在處理否定轉(zhuǎn)移時應(yīng)靈活掌握以下基本類型：
A．否定形式在表示看法、感覺的謂語動詞上,語義卻是否定后面的賓語從句.例：
He doesn't expect we need worry.他認(rèn)為我們不必著急.
B．否定形式在謂語部分,但語義是否定狀語或狀語從句.例：
The earth doesn't move round in empty
space.地球并不是處在空無一物的空間中運(yùn)行.
C．否定形式有謂語,但是否定轉(zhuǎn)移到表語部分.此類結(jié)構(gòu)常見的謂語動詞有appear,feel,sound,taste,seem,smell等.例：
It doesn't seem as if it is going to rain.好像天不會下雨.
D．否定形式在謂語,語義上卻否定賓語補(bǔ)足語.例：
I never knew him to carry money because he never had
any use of it.我知道他身上從不帶錢,因?yàn)樗麖牟恍枰X.
E．否定形式在賓語,但語義上卻在否定謂語.例：
He found no delight in reading the book.讀書時,他感到并不愉快.
F.主語是否定調(diào)整時,翻譯應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況確定.否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移,也可以不轉(zhuǎn)移.例：
Nobody who has ever seen good-quality color television
can ever be completely happy with black and white again.
看過高質(zhì)量彩色電視的人再也不可能對黑白電視感到滿足了.
G．"否定主句+肯定式方式從句"中,主句和從句意思正好相反.例：
Whales are not fish,as many people
think.鯨不是魚,而許多人卻認(rèn)為鯨是魚.
否定轉(zhuǎn)移
1) 將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy,
imagine等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,即主句的謂語動詞用否定式,而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式.
I don't think I know you. 我想我并不認(rèn)識你.
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回來.
注意：若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移.
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你沒有生病吧.
2) 將seem, appear 等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面.
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.
看來他們不知道往哪去.
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day
tomorrow. 看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣.
3) 有時將動名詞,介詞短語或整個從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷χ^語動詞的否定.
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.
我記得從未見過這樣一個人. (not否定動名詞短語 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see
strange characters on the street. 在這里,人們不會想到在街上會碰上陌生
人.(anyone 作主語,從句中的謂語動詞不能用否定形式.)
4) 有時狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語動詞前.
The ant is not gathering this for itself
alone. (否定狀語) 螞蟻不只是為自己采食.
He was not ready to believe something just because
Aristotle said so. (否定because狀語) 他并不因亞里斯多德說過如何如
何,就輕信此事.
he had not been married many weeks when that man's
younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定狀語
any weeks) 她結(jié)婚還不到幾個月,這個人的弟弟就看見她了,并對她的美貌著了迷.
not...because.. .(否定轉(zhuǎn)移) 并不是因?yàn)椤?br/>The police didn't arrest me because I committed any crime.
They said I was wandering on the street with the intent of
committing an arrestable offense.
否定轉(zhuǎn)移在非正式語體中特別常見,它是將語義上屬于從屬分句（一般為that
clause）的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到母句中去.允許否定轉(zhuǎn)移的母句動詞在語義上可分為以下兩組：
1 看法 (OPINION): anticipate, besupposedto, believe,
calculate, expect, figure(infml, AmE), imagine, reckon (infml,
esp in AmE),suppose, think:
Idon'tbelieveI'vemetyoub! efore. ("I
believeIhaven'tmetyoubefore."
Shedidn'timaginethatwewouldsayanything.
("Sheimaginedwewouldn'tsayanything."
Hedidn'texpecttowin. ("Heexpectednotto
win."
2．感覺(PERCEPTION)appear, seem, feelas if, lookasif,
soundasif(后三個動詞也作infml espinAmE, 其中用like來代替asif）：
Itdoesn'tseemthatwecan getourmoney
back. Itseemsthatwecan'tgetourmoneyback."
Thebabydoesn'tappeartobeawake. ("Thebaby
appearsnotto!beawake.")
Itdoesn'tlooklikeit'sgoingtorain. ("It
lookslikeitisn'tgoingtorain.")
否定的轉(zhuǎn)移是一種含糊的現(xiàn)象.對于否定詞位置不同的兩個句子,意思是否相同,或者在多大程度上相同的問題,各人的直覺可能是不同的.但在以下特殊情況下,原來允許否定轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞不能將否定轉(zhuǎn)移：
1．Ithink是插入句,可看作與其他部分無關(guān)：
Iwishyouwerehere, thenIthinkIshould
notfeellikethis.
2．母句中添加情態(tài)動詞can'tmustn'twouldn't時：
Ican'tbelievethattheyaremarried.
Youmustn'tthinkhe'sstupid.
Iwouldn'thaveimaginedthatSandrawouldbe
here.
3．由于cannothelping, oughtnot, neednot, notat
all等短語的關(guān)系而把Ithink! 隔離.
Ishouldhavethoughtsometimesyoucouldn't
helpthinkingofthepast.
Ithinkyououghtnottowalkatnightalone,
Mrs.Moore.
Ithinkyouneednotbeimpolitetoher, as
wellastoherson.
"Ithinktheangelarenotatallinheaven."
Mr.Esmondsaid."
4.由于notjust...but,justnot...enough,notmuch,not
quite等以not為核心的副詞短語的影響,也不便把否定拿到動詞的前面去：
IthinkI'mjustnotsmartenoughtomakeany
senseoutofforyou.
"Youthinkshe'snotmuchlikeyou?Brerald
asked.
ButIthinkthatElizabethwasnotquiteso
certainofitasI.
5. 句中含有no,never,nothing,nobody等的不定詞時：
Ishouldthinkyouneverhaveseenmany.
Ithoughtitexplainednothing.
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