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Sir Isaac Newton FRS (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727 [OS:25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726])[1] was an English physicist,mathematician,astronomer,natural philosopher,alchemist,and theologian who is considered by many scholars and members of the general public to be one of the most influential people in human history.His 1687 publication of the Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (usually called the Principia) is considered to be among the most influential books in the history of science,laying the groundwork for most of classical mechanics.In this work,Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries.