英語么?
1 倒裝句之全部倒裝
全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前.此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和 一般過去時(shí).常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run.
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首,謂語表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞.
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞,如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝.
Here he comes.Away they went.
2 倒裝句之部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前.如果句中的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did,并將其置于主語之前.
1) 句首為否定或半否定的詞語,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等.
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句,主句倒裝,從句不倒裝.
注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝.
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例題
1) Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permittedB. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 這是一個(gè)倒裝問題.當(dāng)否定詞語置于句首以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu). 這些否定詞包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等.本題的正常語序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did knowB. man knowC. didn't man knowD. did man know
答案D.看到Not until…的句型,我們知道為一倒裝句,答案在C,D 中選一個(gè).
改寫為正常語序?yàn)?Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現(xiàn)在將not提前,后面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了.
3 以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝

如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例題
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game beganB. has the game begun
C. did the game beginD. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時(shí),一般采用倒裝句(謂語前置).這類表示否定意義的詞有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等.
注意：只有當(dāng)Not only… but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí),才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu).如果置于句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語,不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu).
Not only you but also I am fond of music.

4 so, neither, nor作部分倒裝

表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒裝.
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
典型例題
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I careB. nor do I careC. I don't care neitherD. I don't care also
答案：B. nor為增補(bǔ)意思"也不關(guān)心",因此句子應(yīng)倒裝.A錯(cuò)在用 don't 再次否定, C neither 用法不對且缺乏連詞. D缺乏連詞.
注意： 當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí),不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu).意為"的確如此".
答案D. 由于How 修飾形容詞,副詞；what修飾名詞.且food為不可數(shù)名詞,因此A,B 排除.C How + adj. 后面不能再加名詞,因此只有D正確,其句型為What + adj. +n. (不可數(shù))
2）___terrible weather we've been having these days!
A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a
答案A. weather為不可數(shù)名詞,B,D排除.C為how + adj. 后面不應(yīng)有名詞.只有A,符合句型What +形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞.
3) --- _____ I had!
--- You really suffered a lot.
A. What a timeB. What time C. How a time D. how time
答案A. 感嘆句分兩類：
1：What + n.+主謂部分
2：How + adj. / adv. / v.+主謂部分.本題屬第一種,但省略了bad,相對于 What a bad time I had! 這是個(gè)習(xí)慣用語.

3 強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)

?？嫉膹?qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)是it 引導(dǎo)的句子.
It is (was) 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分.
此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分僅限于主語,賓語和狀語.
It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
4 用助動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)

強(qiáng)調(diào)句還有一種類型,就是用助動(dòng)詞do (did,does) 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語.
She does like this horse. 她的確喜歡這匹馬.
Please do take care of yourself. 千萬保重.
5 反意疑問句

1) 陳述部分的主語是I,疑問部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?
2) 陳述部分的謂語是wish,疑問部分要用may +主語.
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3) 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時(shí),疑問部分用肯定含義.
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (開花), do they ?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑問句,陳述部分是肯定的,疑問部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主語.
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
5) 陳述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑問部分常用don't +主語（didn't +主語）.
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6) 陳述部分的謂語是used to 時(shí),疑問部分用didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語.
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
7) 陳述部分有had better + v. 疑問句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8) 陳述部分有would rather +v.,疑問部分多用 wouldn't +主語.
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9) 陳述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑問部分用wouldn't +主語.
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10) 陳述部分有must 的疑問句,疑問部分根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定.
He must be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
11) 感嘆句中,疑問部分用be +主語.
What colours, aren't they?
What a smell, isn't it?
12) 陳述部分由neither… nor, either… or 連接的并列主語時(shí),疑問部分根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定.
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
13) 陳述部分主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問部分主語用it.
Everything is ready, isn't it?
14)陳述部分為主語從句或并列復(fù)合句,疑問部分有三種情況：
a. 并列復(fù)合句疑問部分,謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定.
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b. 帶有定語從句,賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句,疑問部分謂語根據(jù)主句的謂語而定：
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c. 上述部分主句謂語是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo)的定語從句,疑問部分與賓語從句相對應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問句.
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
15) 陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑問部分常用復(fù)數(shù)they,有時(shí)也用單數(shù)he.
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
16) 帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或need的反意疑問句,疑問部分常用 need (dare ) +主語.
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
當(dāng)dare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),疑問部分用助動(dòng)詞do + 主語.
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
17) 省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句,疑問部分用will you.
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
注意： Let's 開頭的祈使句,后用shall we?
Let us 開頭的祈使句,后用will you?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
18) 陳述部分是"there be"結(jié)構(gòu)的,疑問部分用there省略主語代詞.
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
19) 否定前綴不能視為否定詞,其反意疑問句仍用否定形式.
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
20) must在表"推測"時(shí),根據(jù)其推測的情況來確定反意疑問句.
He must be there now, isn't he?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?
快速記憶表
陳述部分的謂語疑問部分
Iaren't I
Wish may +主語
no,nothing,nobody,never,
few, seldom, hardly, 肯定含義
rarely, little等否定
含義的詞
ought to（肯定的）shouldn't/ oughtn't +主語
have to+v.(had to+v.)don't +主語(didn't +主語)
used todidn't +主語或 usedn't +主語
had better + v. hadn't you
would rather + v.wouldn't +主語
you'd like to + v.wouldn't +主語
must 根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定
感嘆句中 be +主語
Neither…nor,
either…or 連接的根 據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定
并列主語
指示代詞或不定代詞
everything,that,主語用it
nothing,this
并列復(fù)合句 謂語根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定
定語從句,賓語從句的
主從復(fù)合句 根據(jù)主句的謂語而定
think,believe,expect,
suppose,imagine等引導(dǎo)與賓語從句相對應(yīng)的從句
everybody,anyone,
somebody,nobody,no one復(fù)數(shù)they, 單數(shù)he
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或needneed (dare ) +主語
dare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 do +主語
省去主語的祈使句 will you?
Let's 開頭的祈使句Shall we?
Let us 開頭的祈使句 Will you?
there be 相應(yīng)的謂語動(dòng)詞+there(省略主語代詞）
否定前綴不能視為否定詞仍用否定形式
must表"推測" 根據(jù)其推測的情況來確定反意疑問句


典型例題
1） It was last night ___ I see the comet.
A. the time B. whenC. thatD. which
答案C. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是： It +be +強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that (who) + 主謂句. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的連詞只有兩個(gè),that和who.當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人,且為句子的主語時(shí),才用 "who",其余用that.
原句： My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
2）It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. that B. whenC. sinceD. as
答案C. 考點(diǎn)是連詞用法. 本題易誤選為A. that. 其實(shí)本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句.若是,去掉Itbe… that還應(yīng)是一個(gè)完整的句子.而本句去掉 'It is…that',只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句.因此本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句.