動詞有be動詞啦,助動詞等啦~
情態(tài)動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,表示說話人的情緒,態(tài)度或語氣的動詞,但不能單獨作謂語,只能和其他動詞原形構(gòu)成謂語.
情態(tài)動詞數(shù)量不多,但用途廣泛,主要有下列:
can (could),may (might),must,need,ought to,dare (dared),shall (should),will (would) .
情態(tài)動詞的位置:
情態(tài)動詞在句中放在謂語動詞之前,謂語動詞前若有助動詞,則在助動詞之前,疑問句中,情態(tài)動詞則在主語之前.
情態(tài)動詞的特點:
情態(tài)動詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化,情態(tài)動詞后面跟的動詞需用原形,否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動詞后面加 "not".個別情態(tài)動詞有現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種形式,過去式用來表達(dá)更加客氣,委婉的語氣,時態(tài)性不強,可用于過去,現(xiàn)在或?qū)?
一、表示“使/讓……”概念的動詞
這類動詞常見的有have,let,make,get,keep,drive,send,leave,force,
cause等.它們后邊分別可跟不定式,分詞,形容詞、介詞短語,名詞等作賓語補足語.
例如：I felt sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long.對不起,讓你久等了.
The victory sent our spirits rising.勝利使得我們情緒高漲.
二、不定式做賓補,不定式符號可以省略的動詞
常見的有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,notice,listen to,look at等感官動詞及表示使役概念的have,let,mak等.這類詞在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,其后不定式符號to通常要補出.
例如：We are made to work far into the night.我們被迫干活到深夜.注：在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,watch,have,let一般不變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài).如：The boy was watched to come out.(錯誤）
三、不定式作賓語補足語、其后內(nèi)容省略而只保留不定式符號的動詞.此類動詞常見的有refuse,want,intend,oblige,mean,expect,tell,hope,like,love,
plan,try,prefer,wish等.
例如:-----Why did you cause the baby cry?
------I didn't mean to.
四、引導(dǎo)賓語從句、虛擬預(yù)期的動詞.這類動詞在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時為should+動詞原形,should可以省略,這類動詞有order,demend,suggest,insist,
require,advise,decide,propose等.
例如：He orderd that we should do it at once.
他要求我們立即完成這項工作.
He adviced we should do more speaking practising in order to improve our English.他建議我們要想提高英語水平應(yīng)多練習(xí)說話.
五、形主動、意義被動的詞.常見的有work,open,close,write,cut,
look,teach,operate,run,keep,burn,last等.此類詞的主語常為“物”而不是“人”.而且還常與表示特征、狀況、行為、方式的副詞well,easily,long等連用.
例如：The clothing sells well.
This kind of fruit can keep long.
六、行為動詞充當(dāng)系動詞.這類動詞不能單獨構(gòu)成動詞詞組,其后須帶有表語（名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語,不定式,V-ing,V-ed）構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),常見的有feel,sound,taste,look,smell,seem,appear,become,turn,grow,make,go,run,keep,stay,prove等.
例如：It sounded like a train that was going under my house.
聽起來,象有火車在樓下飛馳而過.
Keep fit,study hard and wok well.身體好,學(xué)習(xí)好,工作好.
七、只接名詞作賓語的動詞.此類動詞常見的有:appreciate,advice,
suggest,compete,finish,consider,enjoy,imagine,mind,miss,
practise,keep,delay,risk,excuse,resist,avoid,escape,admit,forgive,permit,require,prevent,pardon,allow等.
例如：I appreciate her devoting herself to the cause of education.我非常欽佩她獻(xiàn)身教育的精神.
Do you mind my asking a question?我問你一個問題你不介意吧?
八、既可接現(xiàn)在分詞又可接過去分詞作賓補的動詞.此類動詞常見的有：get,keep,have,leave,find,see,notice,hear等.
例如：The two cheats had the lightes burning all night long.
Yesterday XiaoMing had his hair cut,I hardly recognized him.
九、同一詞語用作及物動詞與不及物動詞.此類動詞的及物與不及物用法是有區(qū)別的,常見的有；work,wait/wait,for,lie/lay,raise/rise,
sit/seat,serve等.
例如：If you have any question to ask in class,you can raise your hands.課堂上有什么問題可以舉手發(fā)問.
The sun rising,we started out.太陽升起來了,我們便開始上路.
十、構(gòu)成固定短語的“短語動詞”.此類動詞在英語中數(shù)量較大.如；act as充當(dāng),believe in相信,come across遇見,deal with處理,engage in從事,
lead to導(dǎo)致,refer to提到,send for派人前往,cut in插嘴 die out滅絕,
rise up起義,set off出發(fā),warm up暖和起來,make fun of取笑,
make friends with與……交朋友,set fire on點火,date back to追溯到,
get along with 與……相處,look forward to期望,run out of用光,
do away with廢除.
例如：We must look into the matter immediately.
我們必須馬上調(diào)查此事.
The old should learn form the young and keep up with.
老年人應(yīng)向青年人學(xué)習(xí),跟上時代發(fā)展的步伐.