Tokyo ,officially Tokyo Metropolis is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan.It is located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands.Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture and the city of Tokyo .Tokyo is the capital of Japan,the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,and the largest metropolitan area of Japan.It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace,and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family.
Tokyo was originally a small fishing village named Edo.
It was first fortified by the Edo clan,in the late 12th century.
In 1457,ōta Dōkan built Edo Castle.In 1590,Tokugawa Ieyasu made Edo his base and when he became shogun in 1603,the town became the center of his nationwide military government.During the subsequent Edo period,Edo grew into one of the largest cities in the world with a population topping one million by the 18th century.[14]
It became the de facto capital of Japan[15] even while the emperor lived in Kyoto,the imperial capital.After about 263 years,the shogunate was overthrown under the banner of restoring imperial rule.In 1869,the 17-year-old Emperor Meiji moved to Edo.Tokyo was already the nation's political and cultural center,[16] and the emperor's residence made it a de facto imperial capital as well with the former Edo Castle becoming the Imperial Palace.The city of Tokyo was established,and continued to be the capital until it was abolished as a municipality in 1943 and merged with the "Metropolitan Prefecture" of Tokyo.
Central Tokyo,like Osaka,has been designed since about 1900 to be centered around major train stations in a high-density fashion,so suburban railways were built relatively cheaply at street level and with their own right-of-way.This differs from many cities in the United States that are low-density and automobile-centric.Though expressways have been built in Tokyo,the basic design has not changed.