聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞
1.聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞或稱不完全不及物動(dòng)詞,雖有意義,但不完全,需要加名詞、形容詞、代名詞等作主詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)以補(bǔ)足其意義.
I am a student.
我是學(xué)生.
I am不能完整表達(dá)句子的意義,要加主詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)a student,句意才完整,am是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞.
2.聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞按其含義可以分為二類.
類型1:表示狀態(tài)和狀態(tài)的持續(xù),如:
be(是), seem(似乎), look(看起來(lái)), appear(似乎), feel(覺(jué)得), sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)), smell(聞起來(lái)), taste(嘗起來(lái)), keep(保持), remain(保持), stand(站立), lie(躺), stay(停留)等.
類型2:表示從一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱硪环N狀態(tài),如:
become(變成), go(變得), get(變得), turn(變成), grow(變成), fall(變成某種狀態(tài)), come(成為), run(變成)等.
補(bǔ)充：一些感官動(dòng)詞也可以作聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞（link.v）例如：look, sound , smell, tastie, feel, see, watch, hear 等.
3.聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)式.
中文:他保持沉默.
(誤)He is remained silent.
(正)He remains silent.
4.除表示從一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱硪环N狀態(tài)的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞和在個(gè)別情況下的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞BE外,其他聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí).
The days are getting longer and longer.
白天越來(lái)越長(zhǎng).
He was only being kind for the moment.
他只是一時(shí)的仁慈.
從意義上講,連系動(dòng)詞可分為兩大類：一類表示某種相對(duì)靜止的特征或狀態(tài),如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, taste, smell, appear, stand, remain, stay, keep等.另一類表示某種狀態(tài)的變化演變過(guò)程.如：become, get, grow, turn, go, fall等.
(1)be意為"是,在,存在,成為"等
What are you going to be when you grow up?你長(zhǎng)大了想干什么?
(2)look意為"看上去,顯得……"
She looked a little tired.她看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)疲倦.
(3)seem意為"好像,似乎,仿佛"
She seemed an honest woman.她看上去是個(gè)老實(shí)人.
(4)feel意為"感覺(jué)到,摸起來(lái)"
This skirt feels soft.這條裙子摸起來(lái)很柔軟.
(5)sound意為"聽(tīng)起來(lái)"
Her idea sounded great.她的主意聽(tīng)起來(lái)很不錯(cuò).
(6)taste意為"嘗起來(lái)有……的味道"
The food tastes good.那些食物味道很好.
(7)smell意為"聞上去……"
The flowers smell sweet.這些花芳香襲人.
(8)appear意為"看起來(lái)(好像)"
It appears a true story.這似乎是個(gè)真實(shí)的故事.
(9)stand意為"處于某種狀態(tài)"
The door stood open.門(mén)開(kāi)著.
(10)remain意為"仍然、保持"
The weather still remained cold in April.雖然時(shí)節(jié)已進(jìn)入四月,天氣仍然還很冷.
(11)stay意為"保持某種狀態(tài)"
The shop stays open till seven o'clock.那家商店一直營(yíng)業(yè)到7點(diǎn).
(12)keep意為"保持"
Keep quiet, please.請(qǐng)保持安靜.
(1)become意為"變成,成為"
Edison finally became a great inventor.愛(ài)迪生最后成了一名偉大的發(fā)明家.
(2)get意為"變得"
The weather gets warmer and the days get longer in spring.春天天氣越來(lái)越暖和,白天越來(lái)越長(zhǎng).
(3)grow意為"漸漸變得……"
It was growing dark.天色漸漸暗下來(lái).
(4)turn意為"變,變成"
The leaves are turning yellow.樹(shù)葉慢慢地變黃了.
(5)go意為"變?yōu)?
Eggs can go bad easily in summer.夏季,雞蛋容易變壞.
(6)fall意為"進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài),變得"
His horse fell lame.他的馬瘸了.
★相關(guān)解讀
1.表語(yǔ)資格的審定
連系動(dòng)詞"為人謙遜",它與別人具有很好的"合作意識(shí)"(這可值得我們學(xué)習(xí)喲!),因此,能在其后作表語(yǔ)的詞類很多：名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、介詞(短語(yǔ))、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或從句等都可以和它成為good friends.你瞧：
His wish is to be a singer.(不定式作表語(yǔ))
Her job is looking after the baby.(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ))
The problem is who can do that.(從句作表語(yǔ))
2.各種句型的變化
若一個(gè)肯定句中的連系動(dòng)詞是be,那么把它變?yōu)榉穸ň浠蛞蓡?wèn)句時(shí),無(wú)須再借助于其它的助動(dòng)詞.例如：
The flowers are beautiful.→Are the flowers beautiful?→The flowers are not beautiful.
若一個(gè)肯定句中的連系動(dòng)詞是除be外的其它連系動(dòng)詞,在進(jìn)行各種句式變換時(shí),則要根據(jù)不同的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)借助不同的助動(dòng)詞.如：
Her face turned red.→Did her face turn red?→Her face did not turn red.
They look well.→Do they look well?→They do not look well.
3.連系動(dòng)詞的兼職
有些動(dòng)詞可謂是"多面手",它們既可以用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,又可以用作連系動(dòng)詞.另外be還可用作助動(dòng)詞.它們的用法不同,詞義和句型結(jié)構(gòu)也有所不同.例如：
Look at the blackboard, please.請(qǐng)看黑板.(look用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
He looks a little tired.他略顯疲倦.(look用作連系動(dòng)詞)
They are at work.他們?cè)诠ぷ?(are用作連系動(dòng)詞)
They are working.他們正在工作.(are用作助動(dòng)詞,幫助構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))