反意疑問句是在陳述句后邊加上一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短問句,對(duì)陳述句所敘述的內(nèi)容提出相反的疑問,這種句子就叫作反意疑問句.反意疑問句可以表示真實(shí)的疑問,也可以表示提問人的傾向、強(qiáng)調(diào)或反問.如果陳述句是肯定句時(shí),后邊的反意疑問句通常要用否定式;反之,如果陳述句是否定句時(shí),后邊的反意疑問句通常要用肯定式.陳述句和后邊的反意疑問句的主語以及謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)通常要保持一致.例如:
He speaks English, doesn't he?
Mary won't do it, will she?
Lies cannot cover up the facts, can they?
回答反意疑問句和回答一般疑問句一樣,肯定回答用"Yes, +肯定結(jié)構(gòu)";否定回答用"No, +否定結(jié)構(gòu)".這與漢語習(xí)慣有所不同.例如:
-He's a doctor, isn't he?他是醫(yī)生,對(duì)吧?
-Yes, he is.對(duì),他是醫(yī)生.(No, he isn't.不,他不是醫(yī)生.)
-He isn't a doctor, is he?他不是醫(yī)生,對(duì)吧?
-Yes, he is.不,他是醫(yī)生.(No, he isn't.對(duì),他不是醫(yī)生.)
在使用反意疑問句時(shí),特別要注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞have作"有"講時(shí),可以有兩種反意疑問句形式.例如:
He hasn't any sisters, has he?
He doesn't have any sisters, does he?
當(dāng)have表示其它含義(如:經(jīng)歷、遭受、得到、吃……)講時(shí),只有一種反意疑問句形式:
You all had a good time, didn't you?
He often has colds, doesn't he?
They had milk and bread for breakfast, didn't they?
2.如果陳述句的謂語動(dòng)詞含有have to, had to時(shí),反意疑問句通常用其適當(dāng)形式.例如:
We have to get there at 8 a.m. tomorrow, don't we?
They had to take the early train, didn't they?
3. need和dare既可以作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,又可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,注意有兩種反意疑問句形式.例如:
You needn't hand in your paper today, need you?
You don't need to hand in your paper today, do you?
He dare ask the teacher, daren't he?
He doesn't dare to ask the teacher, does he?
4.如果陳述句的謂語動(dòng)詞含有used to時(shí),也可以有兩種反意疑問句形式.例如:
He used to live in London, usedn't/ didn't he?
5.如果陳述句中出現(xiàn)never, seldom, hardly, scarely, rarely, few, little, nobody, no one, nothing等含有否定意義的詞時(shí),反意疑問句通常要用肯定式.例如:
She seldom goes to the concert, does she?
He has few good reasons for staying, has he?
6.如果陳述句中的主語是不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語、從句、everything或nothing時(shí),反意疑問句通常要用it作主語.例如:
To sell/ Selling newspaper was his job, wasn't it?
What he said is true, isn't it?
Everything is all right, isn't it?
7.如果陳述句中的主語是不定代詞everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, each of等時(shí),反意疑問句通常要用they或he作主語.例如:
Somebody borrowed my bike, didn't they/ he?
Each of them passed the exam, didn't they?
No one was hurt, was he/were they?
8.如果陳述句用"I am"時(shí),反意疑問句通常要用"aren't I?".例如:
I'm late, aren't I?
9.如果陳述句是含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句式,反意疑問句的主語以及謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)通常要與主句保持一致.例如:
He never said that he would come, did he?
I told that not everyone could do it, didn't I?
但是,如果陳述句是"I don't think (believe, suppose, imagine等)含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句式",反意疑問句的主語以及謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)通常要和從句保持一致,并且要用肯定式.例如:
I don't think the lady can complete the difficult job alone, can she?
I don't believe he knows it, does he?
10.如果陳述句是含有"there be"結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),反意疑問句要用there,省去主語代詞.例如:
There is something wrong with your computer, isn't there?
There won't be any trouble, will there?
11.如果陳述句的謂語是wish時(shí),反意疑問句的謂語動(dòng)詞通常要用may.例如:
I wish to visit your school, may I?
12.如果陳述句是并列句,反意疑問句的主語以及謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)通常要與第二個(gè)分句保持一致.例如:
Tom isn't a good student, for it is the second time he has been late this week, isn't it?