However的用法主要有以下兩點(diǎn)：
（一）用作連接副詞,相當(dāng)于no matter how,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意思是“不管怎樣……”“無論如何……”,具體結(jié)構(gòu)有以下兩種：
1．however+形容詞+主語+系動詞,例：
However rich people are,they always seem anxious to take more money.
無論人們有多富裕,他們似乎總是渴望掙到更多的錢.
2．however+副詞+主語+謂語,例：
However fast he runs,he can’t catch up with us. 無論他跑得多快也不能趕上我們.
（二）用作連詞,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意思是“怎么樣都行”.例：
In one’s own home one can acts however he wishes. 在自己家里一個(gè)人想干什么都行.
Whatever的用法主要有以下兩點(diǎn)：
（一）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,相當(dāng)于anything that,意思是“所……的任何事情”,在語氣上比what更加強(qiáng)調(diào).例：
Whatever she did was right. 她所做的一切都是對的.
Take whatever you want. 你想要什么就拿什么吧.
（二）引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,相當(dāng)于no matter what,意思是“無論什么”,“不管什么”,whatever在從句中可作主語、賓語、表語或定語.例：
Whatever happens,you mustn’t lose your heart.
無論發(fā)生什么事情,你都不要喪失信心.
Whatever you do,do it well.
無論你做什么事情都要把它做好.
Whatever I am,it is useful to know foreign languages.
無論我干什么,懂幾門外語總是有用的.
You have to go on whatever difficulties you meet.
不管遇到什么困難你都得進(jìn)行下去.
讓我們再來看看前面所提到的那三道高考題.1-3題的答案分別為D、B、C,很明顯,第1小題和第3小題考查however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的用法；第2小題考查whatever引導(dǎo)賓語從句的用法.
希望以上的解答對有幫助,今后在學(xué)習(xí)中有問題請到http://www.haofudao.com
回答者： suxinding520| 五級 | 2010-9-12 10:11 | 檢舉

不管however以何種形式出現(xiàn),它都不外乎以下兩種用法.
1. 用作副詞
(1) 表示讓步：意為“無論如何”“不管怎樣”,用來修飾形容詞或副詞,其詞序?yàn)椋篽owever+形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語.這樣用的however其實(shí)具有連詞的功能,用以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句.如：
Phone me when you arrive, however late it is. 你到達(dá)之后就給我打電話,不論多么晚也要打.
However much he eats, he never gets fat. 不管他吃多少,他永遠(yuǎn)吃不胖.
However cold it is, he always goes swimming. 不管天有多冷,他都去游泳.
You won’t move the stone, however strong you are. 不管你力氣有多大,也休想搬動那塊石頭.
However far it is, l intend to drive there tonight 不管有多遠(yuǎn),我今晚也要開車到那兒去.
用于此用法時(shí),請注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
①此用法屬however所有用法中最重要的考點(diǎn),同學(xué)們務(wù)請引起高度重視.
②這樣用的 however 與 no matter how 大致同義.如：
People always want more, however [no matter how] rich they are. 人總是富了還想再富.
However [No matter how] hard I worked, she was never satisfied. 無論我多么努力地工作,她從來沒滿意過.
③有時(shí)從句謂語可用情態(tài)動詞.如：
Don’t laugh, however funny it may be. 無論多么有趣也不要笑.
I’ll try to finish it in time, however hard it may be. 無論多么難,我也要按時(shí)完成.
④“however＋形容詞或副詞＋主語＋謂語”有時(shí)可以有所省略.如：
I refuse, however favorable the conditions. 不管條件如何有利,我都不干.(conditions后省去了are)
I’d rather have a room of my own, however small (it is), than share a room. 無論房間多么小,我寧愿一個(gè)人住一間,而不愿意與別人合住一個(gè)房間.
A grammar rule, however true (it is), is useless unless it can be understood. 一條語法規(guī)則,不管如何正確,除非能懂,否則毫無用處.
(2) 表示轉(zhuǎn)折：尤其用于談及一個(gè)既成事實(shí)時(shí),表示轉(zhuǎn)折,其意為“可是”“仍然”等.可放在句首、句中或句末,通常用逗號與句子其他成分隔開.如：
My father, however, did not agree. 但是,我父親不同意.
My room is small; however, it’s comfortable. 我的房間很小,但卻很舒服.
He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他說情況如此,可是他錯(cuò)了.
注：however不能像 but(但是)那樣直接連接兩個(gè)句子(注意正句中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號).如：
我們都已盡了最大的努力,不過我們還是輸了.
誤：We all tried our best, however we lost the game.
正：We all tried our best, but we lost the game.
正：We all tried our best; however, we lost the game.
正：We all tried our best. However, we lost the game.
(3) 表示驚奇或強(qiáng)調(diào)：相當(dāng)于how ever的用法,其意為“究竟怎樣,到底以什么方式”.如：
However did you get here without a car? 沒有汽車你究竟是怎樣來的呢?
However does he manage to write music when he is so deaf? 他聾成這個(gè)樣子,究竟是怎樣從事作曲的呢?
2. 用作連詞
用作連詞,引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句,表示“無論以何種方式”“不管怎樣”.如：
However it may be, I shall take your word. 無論如何,我將會相信你的話.
However I approached the problem, I couldn’t find a solution. 這一問題我不管怎樣都無法解決.
However you travel, it’ll take you at least two days. 無論你怎么個(gè)走法,至少要兩天時(shí)間.
The painting looks wrong however you look at it. 這張畫不論怎么看都顯得不對勁.
三、however命題切入點(diǎn)分析
高考以however切入命題的可能性主要有兩個(gè)方面：
1. 直接考查however的用法
如考查其句型結(jié)構(gòu)(尤其是詞序),考查它與其他相似詞語whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, whoever等在用法和意義上的區(qū)別.如：
(1) _____ rich one may be there is always something one wants.
A. Whatever B. Whenever C. HoweverD. Wherever
【分析】答案選C.however 用于修飾形容詞rich,在意義上相當(dāng)于no matter how.
(2) We should report any incident, _____.
A. however serious or minor it is B. how serious or minor is it
C. it is how serious or minor D. it is however serious or minor
【分析】答案選A.however 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)的語序?yàn)椤癶owever+形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語”.
(3) _____ I say, he always disagrees.
A. HoweverB. WhateverC. WhicheverD. Whoever
【分析】答案選B.whatever 在此用作動詞say的賓語,在意義上相當(dāng)于 no matter what.
(4) _____ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
A. Wherever B. HoweverC. Whichever D. Whoever
【分析】答案選A.根據(jù)句意可知,說話者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是地點(diǎn),故用wherever.
2. 用however作為干擾項(xiàng)進(jìn)行考查.如：
An awful accident _____, however, occur the other day.
A. does B. didC. has to D. had to
【分析】此題正確答案應(yīng)選B,句末的 the other day 意為“前幾天”,所以句子應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài),而選項(xiàng)D不合題意,故選B.此句有兩個(gè)難點(diǎn)：一是句中插有 however 一詞,分散了同學(xué)們的注意力；二是所填選項(xiàng)B為許多同學(xué)所不熟悉的強(qiáng)調(diào)用法.