Cap-and-Trade—the approach most popular among politicians—would put a quantitative limit on annual carbon emissions by auctioning permits that power plants and other industries would have to purchase in order to burn fossil fuels,whereas,a Carbon Tax—the approach most popular among economists—would discourage emissions reductions by increasing the cost of doing so.
其實(shí)我之前也不知道這兩個(gè)什么意思……不過(guò)按這上面的意思就是前者是讓大量燃燒化石燃料的單位必須購(gòu)買(mǎi)相應(yīng)量的“碳排放許可”以在數(shù)量上限制其排放（如由政府管理調(diào)控各發(fā)電廠、工業(yè)工廠的排放量并增加其成本）；后者僅僅是在經(jīng)濟(jì)的角度上以稅收的形式讓碳排放的成本增加.(原文可能打錯(cuò)了吧,還是又是我不知道的英語(yǔ)用法……)你要說(shuō)具體內(nèi)容的話現(xiàn)在版本太多了,還都千差萬(wàn)別,也只能說(shuō)大體上是這兩點(diǎn).
區(qū)別嘛……現(xiàn)在有很多很多種說(shuō)法,我比較贊成這種：（前面說(shuō)兩者大部分是相同或相近的,只是對(duì)于前者：）
1) there will be some limited trading on a secondary market; and 2) firms can use derivatives to manage their risk.
是說(shuō)前者在一定程度上限制了中級(jí)市場(chǎng)貿(mào)易,但是又相對(duì)地給了企業(yè)管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的可能.
我不是這方面的專家……以上只是我自己的理解……有問(wèn)題的話多包涵……
話說(shuō)大多數(shù)人都支持后者……關(guān)于這方面的英文資料很多,隨便搜一下就能找到了,有興趣可以多看看.