except
prep.1. 除...之外
We go there every day except Sunday.
除了星期天,我們每天都去那兒.
They all went to sleep except the young Frenchman.
除了那位年輕的法國人以外,他們全都去睡覺了.
I like her except when she is angry.
除了她發(fā)怒的時候,我挺喜歡她.
He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.
他除了抽煙太多之外,沒有什么特別的毛病.
conj.1. 除了
She did nothing except complain while she was here.
她在這里時除了抱怨還是抱怨.
2. 要不是;但是
I would go except it's too far.
我想去的,只是路太遠.
vt.1. 把...除外;不計
The minors are excepted from the regulation.
未成年者不在此限.
You will all be punished; I can except no one.
你們全得受罰,我一個也不饒.
vi.1. 反對;表示異議[(+to/against)]
The defendant excepted to the witness.
被告對這個見證人提出異議.
beside
prep.1. 在...近旁;在旁邊
He sat down beside Emma.
他在艾瑪身旁坐下.
2. 和...相比
She seems dull beside that girl.
與那個女孩相比,她顯得乏味.
3. 和...無關;離(題)
That's beside the point.
那事與此不相干.
4. 除此以外(現(xiàn)在一般用besides)
besides
ad.1. 此外,而且,加之
The driver couldn't see either. Besides, the roads are nearly impassable.
剛才司機也看不清楚.而且這些路簡直無法通行.
Besides, I want you to promise me one thing.
此外,我要你答應我一件事.
2. 在其他方面
prep.1. 在...之外,除...之外
What has he done, besides reading the paper?
除了看報,他還做了什么?
He had other people to take care of besides me.
除我之外,他還要照顧別人.
besides的用法可從下述幾點掌握.
一、 besides作為介詞,意為"除.之外",通常表示"包括后者在內".
Besides half a bottle of whisky, he drank three gins and some beer. 除了半瓶威士忌,他還喝了三杯杜松子酒和一些啤酒.
Besides literature, we have to study history and philosophy. 除了文學,我們還得學歷史和哲學.
二、 besides作為副詞,意為"此外;而且;還有",一般用于句子之前.
I don't like those shoes; besides, they are too expensive. 那雙鞋我不喜歡,而且也太貴了.
It's too late to go to the football match now; besides,it's beginning to snow. 現(xiàn)在去看足球比賽已經太晚了,何況,又開始下雪了.
三、 besides與beside的區(qū)別
作介詞時,兩詞詞義有別.beside意為"在.旁邊;和.相比;與.無關".特別提醒,besides還可作副詞,但beside只作介詞.
I'd like to sit beside you, you know. 你知道,我愿意坐在你旁邊.
You look tall beside him. 你看來比他高.
He didn't know his answer was beside the point. 他不知道他的回答離了題.
Besides knowing some Greek, she was fluent in Italian. 她除了懂些希臘語之外,意大利語也說得很流利.
四、besides與 except 、but以及 except for的區(qū)別
1. besides意為"除.之外"(包括后者在內),通常與other, also等詞連用.
What other languages do you know besides English?除了英語之外,你還懂什么語言?
Besides being wrong, your proposed action is also unwise. 你所建議的行動不僅是錯誤的,而且是很不明智的.
2. except意為"除.之外"(不包括后者在內)
He gets up early every day except Sunday. 除了星期日之外,他每天都早起.
They all went to sleep except the young Frenchman. 除了那個年輕的法國人之外,他們都睡著了.
注:在否定句中,當表達"不包括后者在內"時,也可用besides.
No one passed except / besides Richard. 除了理查德外,誰也沒有考及格.
此外,except后可接從句作賓語,也可接不定式作賓語.當其前的動詞是實義動詞do及其變化形式時,不定式常省去to.
He hasn't changed at all except that he is no longer so talkative. 他一點也沒有變,只是不像以前愛說話了.
She always goes to school by bike except when it rains. 除非天下雨,她總是騎自行車上學.
The bear has no choice except to lie down and sleep.熊沒有別的選擇,只好躺下睡覺.
I couldn't do anything except just sit down and hope.我坐在那兒盼著,簡直毫無辦法.
3. but意為"除.之外"(不包括在內)常和no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything, none, not anything 等連用.有時可與except替換.
Everybody was invited to the evening party but / except me. 除我之外,所有人都被邀請參加那次晚會.
Yesterday evening, I had nothing to do but / except watch TV. 昨天晚上除了看電視,我無事可做.
4. except for意為"除去.之外;只是",表示對一個人或事物先作一個總體評價,然后就其局部提出一點看法,所排除的不是同一范疇的東西.
Your composition is quite good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了有幾個拼寫錯誤外,你的文章寫得很好.
Except for a cartoon,no films could interest her. 除了動畫片外,什么電影都不能使她感興趣.
五、besides與apart from的區(qū)別
與besides不同之處,apart from既可表示"排除;例外"的含義(相當于except),也可以表示"包括;補充"的含義(相當于besides).
The children hardly see anyone, apart from their parents. 除了他們的父母,孩子們很少看見其他人.
Apart from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill. 游泳,除了有趣和很好的身體鍛煉之外,還是一個很有用的技能.