Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21,1899 – July 2,1961) was an American novelist,short-story writer,and journalist.Nicknamed "Papa",he was part of the 1920s expatriate community in Paris known as "the Lost Generation",as described in his memoir A Moveable Feast.He led a turbulent social life,was married four times,and allegedly had various romantic relationships during his lifetime.[citation needed] For a serious writer,he achieved a rare cult-like popularity during his lifetime.Hemingway received the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 for The Old Man and the Sea.He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.During his later life,Hemingway suffered from increasing physical and mental problems.In July 1961,he commited suicide by shooting himself.
Hemingway's distinctive writing style is characterized by economy and understatement and had a significant influence on the development of twentieth-century fiction writing.His protagonists are typically stoic males who must show "grace under pressure." Many of his works are now considered canonical in American literature.