英語(yǔ)翻譯
When it is necessary to communicate with the specification team,the intermediate team becomes involved so as to avoid contaminating the clean-room requirements.The coding team writes down the unclear portion of the functional specifications and requests further clarification from the specification team via the intermediate team.It is important to keep the specification team and the coding team physically and electronically isolated.
Employment agreements
The other method of legal action is regulating the obligations of IP protection in the employment agreement.Employee norms in mainland China are lower than in the West; defection of technical and managerial employees is a problem for both foreign and domestic firms there (2).Firms try to use anti-disclosure clauses in contracts with key personnel to cope with the problem,but so far these contracts have been difficult to enforce in mainland China.The following statements typically appear in an employment agreement:
* Employee will not divulge,in whole or in part,any confidential information,trade secrets,or copyright-protected information to any other third party.
* The confidential information includes methods of doing business,R&D,know-how,customers,trade secrets,manufacturing methods,computer programs,algorithms,finances,and other proprietary information.
* All documents relating to the business of the company shall be the sole and exclusive property of the company,and shall be turned over to the company upon the termination of the employment.
* Employee agrees that the confidentiality obligation shall survive the termination of employment.
Employee turnover and a lack of loyalty are of great concern to most MNCs in mainland China because they are often associated with knowledge spillover to competing companies and provide insufficient returns on investment from job-related training and education (3).One interviewee said:
The turnover rate nowadays in mainland China is very high.We employ inexperienced engineers and spend resources to train them.Once they become capable,competitors will try to recruit them by every possible means.It is unfair.To insure our investment,newcomers need to sign the employment agreement.In the agreement,the employee has the obligation to keep all confidential information secret.
Another restriction specified in the agreement is a "non-competition" statement:During the term of employment and for a specified period afterwards,an employee shall not accept employment from any clients or competitors of the company.