現(xiàn)在完成時是英語時態(tài)中最不好掌握的時態(tài),因?yàn)閷ξ覀儊碚f,它很難在漢語中找到相對應(yīng)的說法,下面筆者從幾個方面分析一下現(xiàn)在完成時的用法.
1． 現(xiàn)在完成時的定義：
2． 強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動作和狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響和結(jié)果.
常用的時間狀語有：already,yet,never,有時沒有時間狀語；多是一般疑問句.
I have already seen the film.
Have you decided yet?
3． 剛剛和最近發(fā)生的動作和狀態(tài).
常用的時間狀語有：just,lately,recently,in the past few days/weeks
注意：just 和just now用不同的時態(tài),just now(剛才)一般用過去時.
I have just phoned him?
I have visited my parents recently.
4． 從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作和狀態(tài).
常用的時間狀語有：since,（可用作介詞和連詞）for
注意：主句的謂語動詞一般是延續(xù)性的動詞,如果是否定形式,主句的謂語動詞可用瞬間動詞,否則,不能用瞬間動詞.
I have lived here for 20 years.
I have lived here since I came to this city
I have learned English since 10 years ago.
He hasn't come to visit us for a few months.
5． 從過去到現(xiàn)在一段時間的動作和狀態(tài).
常用的時間狀語有：up till now,so far,in this morning,in this week,in this year,in my life
注意：這兩句話的區(qū)別
I have seen him this morning.(時間還在上午)
I saw him this morning.(時間不是在上午了)
We have learned so many things from you so far.
I have seen any bird like this in my life.
6． 對過去的體驗(yàn)和經(jīng)歷.
常用的時間狀語有：before,ever,once,twice,many times
注意：這兩句話的區(qū)別
I have been to Beijing （去過北京）
I have gone to Beijing（去北京了,人還沒回來〕