Outside,狀語
the late afternoon sun 主語
slanted down謂語
in the yard,狀語
throwing into gleamingbrightness the dogwood trees that were solid masses of white blossoms against the background of new green.分詞短語作伴隨狀語
that weresolid masses of white blossoms against the background of new green由that引導的定語從句,修飾 the dogwood trees, that 是指the dogwood trees,在這里不能去掉,因為that在定語從句中充當主語,作賓語的關系詞才可以省略.throwing into 引導的是伴隨狀語從句，所以狀語從句里面不能有句子，所以the dogwood trees 后面一定要加that,如果只有單獨一句話：the dogwood trees that were solid masses of white blossoms against the background of new green，這個時候的that,就可以不要，是不是這樣？先糾正一下throwing into gleamingbrightness the dogwood trees that were solid masses of white blossoms against the background of new green.是現在分詞分詞短語作伴隨狀語，不是狀語從句。不是從句就不能是句子， that were solid masses of white blossoms against the background of new green 是定語從句就必須是句子。the dogwood trees that were solid masses of white blossoms against the background of new green 把它看成是一個簡單句的話，那這個that就是多余的，句中就沒主句了。