主動形式表被動的意義：
1.系動詞:
look sound feel smell taste appear seem prove become get
The steel feels cold.
His plan proved (to be ) practical.
2.表示預(yù)祝的某種屬性特征的動詞:
read write act cut draw sell wash wear open
Nylon cleans easily.尼龍容易洗干凈
The coat dries easily.這種外衣容易干
在英語學(xué)習(xí)中,有許多地方用主動表被動,這對許多中國學(xué)生來說是一個難點,常常讓他們感到不好學(xué),不好掌握,在此小結(jié)一下.
1、 Need,want,require（要求,需要）,deserve(應(yīng)得,值得),be worth值得）,not bear(經(jīng)不住) 后面接doing主動表被動.
The book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀.
The old building requires repairing.這座古建筑需要修了.
These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.這些幼苗將需要小心的照管.
Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).你的頭發(fā)該剪了.
2、不定式作定語,放在被修飾詞后面,與前面被修飾的名詞或代詞有動賓關(guān)系,又在句子中與另一名詞或代詞有主謂關(guān)系,不定式要用主動表被動含義.
I have much work to do.我有許多要做的事情.（與work有動賓關(guān)系,與I有主謂關(guān)系）
Tom is looking for a room to live in.Tom在找一間住的房間.（與room有動賓關(guān)系,與Tom 有主謂關(guān)系）
He has a family to support.他要維持一個家庭.（與family有動賓關(guān)系,與he有主謂關(guān)系）
3、不定式修飾作表語和賓語補足語的形容詞時,結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+系動詞+形容詞 + 不定式； 動詞+賓語+形容詞+不定式.如果形容詞是表示難易、利弊等含義,如
difficult,easy,comfortable(舒適的),convenient（便利的,方便的),hard,cheap,expensive,等,不定式用主動表被動.
The question is difficult to answer.這個問題很難回答.
The work is easy to do.這項工作很好做.
I found the car comfortable to ride in.我覺得這種車很好坐.
That makes poetry difficult to write.那就使得詩很難寫.
4、在be to結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式:這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式通常應(yīng)用主動表被動.下列動詞用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義:
Who is to blame for starting the fire?
這場火災(zāi)應(yīng)由誰負(fù)責(zé)?
You are to blame for the accident.你應(yīng)為這事受動責(zé)備.
The house is to let.此房出租.
A lot remains to do.還剩下許多事情要做.
5、系動詞沒有被動形式,但有些系動詞常表示被動意義.常見的有taste(吃起來),sound (聽起來),prove(證明是),feel(摸上去感到),look(看起來),smell(聞起來)等,例如:
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由聽起來很合理.
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良藥苦口.
6、一些與can''t(不能)或won''t(不會)連用的動詞.常用的有:lock(鎖住),shut(關(guān)上) ,open(打開),act(上演),write(寫),cut(砍,切),wear(穿,戴)等,用作不及物動詞時,用主動表被動.例如:
The door won''t open.這門打不開.
It can''t move.它不能動.
7、一些動詞如sell(銷售) ,wash(洗),clean(打掃),burn(燃燒),cook(煮)等與副詞如well(好),easily(容易地),perfectly(十分地)等連用 ,描會事物的特性,用主動表被動,結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+動詞+加副詞.例如:
The book sells well.這種書很暢銷.
These clothes wash easily.這些衣服很易洗.
The pen writes well.這筆很好寫.
8、主語much,a great deal,little,what等,其表語如是不定式,則用不定式的主動表被動.
What is to do?做什么?
Much is to do.太多要做的事.
9、在“there be”句型中作主語的定語如果現(xiàn)在分詞時,所用的現(xiàn)在分詞要用主動表被動意義.
There is nothing doing these days.這些天沒事干.
I see there’s a good idea planning.我知道又在打好主意.