起因是：羅薩.派克斯在蒙哥馬利的公共汽車上拒絕給白人讓座事件
Rosa Parks(Born 1913) (見(jiàn)于美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)詞典)
American civil rights leader. Her refusal to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama, resulted in a city-wide boycott of the bus company and stirred the civil rights movement across the nation.
羅薩.派克斯：(生于1913) 美國(guó)民權(quán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人,她因在美國(guó)阿拉巴馬州蒙哥馬利的公共汽車上拒絕讓座給一個(gè)白人,而引起了全市范圍汽車公司
的聯(lián)合抵制,激起了全國(guó)的民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng).
On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks (the "mother of the Civil Rights Movement") refused to get up out of her seat on a public bus to make room for white passengers. Rosa was arrested, tried, and convicted for disorderly conduct and violating a local ordinance. After word of this incident reached the black community, 50 African-American leaders gathered and organized the Montgomery Bus Boycott to protest the segregation of blacks and whites on public buses. The boycott lasted for 382 days (1956 was a leap year), until the local ordinance segregating African-Americans and whites on public buses was lifted.
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人是：馬丁.路德.金Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
The most important step forward was in Montgomery, Alabama, where longtime NAACP activists Rosa Parks and Edgar Nixon prevailed on Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. to lead the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955-1956. Activists and church leaders in other communities, such as Baton Rouge, Louisiana, had used the boycott in recent years, although those efforts often withered away after a few days. In Montgomery, on the other hand, the Montgomery Improvement Association created to lead the boycott managed to keep the boycott going for over a year until a federal court order required Montgomery to desegregate its buses. The success in Montgomery made King a nationally known figure and triggered other bus boycotts, such as the highly successful Tallahassee, Florida boycott of 1956-1957.