一、語態(tài)概述
英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的.英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài).
主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者.
例如：Many people speak Chinese.
謂語：speak的動作是由主語many people來執(zhí)行的.
被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者,即行為動作的對象.例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主語English是動詞speak的承受者.
二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動語態(tài)由"助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞"構(gòu)成.人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的.現(xiàn)以speak為例說明被動語態(tài)在各種時態(tài)中的構(gòu)成.
一般現(xiàn)在時：am／is／are＋spoken
一般過去時：was／were＋spoken
一般將來時：will／shall be＋spoken
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：am／is／are being＋spoken
過去進(jìn)行時：was/were being＋spoken
現(xiàn)在完成時：have／has been＋spoken
過去完成時：had been + spoken
三、被動語態(tài)的用法
(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰.
例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了.(不知道電腦是誰偷的)
This bridge was founded in 1981.這座橋竣工于1981年.
(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者,而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者.
例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的.
This book was written by him.這本書是他寫的.
Your homework must be finished on time.你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時完成.
四、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法
(1)把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語.
(2)把謂語變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)(be＋過去分詞) (根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù),以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定be的形式).
(3)把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語,將主格改為賓格.例如：
All the people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree.
A tree was cut down by him.
五、含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)
含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變成被動句時,由"情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞"構(gòu)成,原來帶to的情態(tài)動詞變成被動語態(tài)后"to"仍要保留.
We can repair this watch in two days.
This watch can be repaired in two days.
They should do it at once.
It should be done at once.
六、特殊情況
1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.
The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.
2.Mother never lets me watch TV .
I am never let to watch TV by mother.
3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.
(1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.
(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.