既然你問英文,那我也用英語來回答
A fishbone, or cause-and-effect, diagram depicts
potential causes of a problem. The problem (effect)
displays on the right side and the list of causes on
the left side in a treelike structure. The branches of
the tree are often associated with major categories of
causes. Each branch has a listing of more specific
causes in that category. Fishbone diagrams are a
convenient tool for organizing information about
causes of a problem.
Although there is no "correct" way to construct a
fishbone diagram, some specific types lend themselves
well to many different situations. One of these is the
"5M" diagram, so called because five of the categories
on the branches begin with the letter M. Minitab draws
a 5M diagram by default.