by
　　在近處；在旁邊
　　standing by the window 站在窗戶旁邊
　　a table by the bed床邊的桌子
　　經(jīng)；由；從
　　We came by the back road.我們從后面的小路而來
　　經(jīng)過…旁
　　He walked by me.他從我旁邊走過.
　　在…期間；在…中間
　　sleeping by day.在白天睡覺
　　不遲于
　　By tomorrow he'll be here.他明天就到這兒.
　　被；由
　　written by Shakespeare 莎士比亞寫的
　　根據(jù)；按照
　　to play by the rules 按規(guī)則比賽
　　相差
　　His horse won by a nose.他的馬以一鼻之差取勝.
　　以…方式
　　She earned money by writing.她靠寫作掙錢.
　　We went by air.我們乘飛機走.
　　以…的名義
　　He swore by the Bible to tell the truth.他對圣經(jīng)發(fā)誓要說真話.
　　表示相（乘）除（以計算面積）
　　a room 15 feet by 20 feet 一間長20英尺寬15英尺的房間
　　to divide X by Y 用Y除X
　　以…計的：
　　The star received letters by the thousands.這位明星收到數(shù)以千計的信件.
　　逐一；連續(xù)
　　One by one they left.他們一個接一個地離去了.
　　They were persuaded little by little.他們漸漸被說服了
　　相關,就…來說
　　siblings by blood.嫡系親屬