which表示在一定范圍內(nèi)的“哪一個(gè)”,可當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ).
定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞 Which的用法:若先行詞指物則代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ).
This is the pen which was given by my friend.
先行詞 指物代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)
This is the pen which my friend gave to me.
先行詞 指物代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)
which在定于從句中經(jīng)常和that相混
下面是他和that在定語(yǔ)從句中的區(qū)別及用法：
that \which在代物時(shí)常?？梢酝ㄓ?但有時(shí)只宜于用which ,不用that
(1) 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí).
This is the hotel in which you will stay.
(2) 如有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,其中一句的關(guān)系代詞是that,另一句宜于用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the liberary which was newly open (新開放) to us.
注意2that \which在代物時(shí)常?？梢酝ㄓ?但有時(shí)只宜于用that ,不用which.
(1) 先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或者它的前面有形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)
This is the best that has been used against air pollution(反對(duì)空氣污染) in cities.
English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.
(2) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞,或它的前面有一個(gè)序數(shù)詞時(shí)
He is the last person that I want to see.
(3) 主句中已有疑問詞時(shí)
Which is the bike that you lost?
(4) 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)
The bike and its rider that had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station.
(5) 先行詞是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等代詞時(shí)
You should hand in all that you have.
We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
I mean the one that you talked about just now.
(6) 先行詞前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very等詞修飾時(shí)
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
Li Ming is the only one that got full marks (滿分)in our class.
Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.
(7) 有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which,另外一個(gè)宜用that
Edison built up a factory(辦了一個(gè)工廠) which produced things that had never been seen before.
定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞 Where的用法:若先行詞指地點(diǎn)且其在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ).
This is the house+I was born in the house.(=I was born there)
介詞短語(yǔ) 副詞
=This is the house where I was born.這就是我在那兒出生的房子.
先行詞 關(guān)系副詞
in which I was born.
介詞+關(guān)系代詞
which I was born in.
關(guān)系代詞
這里作介賓的which和that可以省略
that I was born in
which在名詞性從句的用法：
1.賓語(yǔ)從句
which是一個(gè)連接代詞,在賓語(yǔ)從句中可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ).意思是“哪一個(gè)”如：I don't know which bike belongs to my father.
I wonder which is better ,this one or that one?
He asked me which I liked best.
2.主語(yǔ)從句
which 在主語(yǔ)從句中的用法與賓語(yǔ)從句相類似.
which boy she likes best is still a mystery.
Which students will be sent to take part in the sports meeting hasn't been decided.
3.表語(yǔ)從句
which 在表語(yǔ)中的用法與主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句的用法也相似.
如：His question is which student is the best at English.
The question is which place he wants to go to .
4.同位語(yǔ)從句
which在同位語(yǔ)從句中的用法不多,只用在某些名詞的后面,常見的有idea.
I have no idea which picture is the most beautiful of all.
順便講一下,what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,也是連接代詞,但表示的是泛指的東西；which指的是在一定的范圍內(nèi),哪一個(gè).