總結(jié)
從句（Subordinate Clause）是復(fù)合句中不能獨(dú)立成句,但具有主語部分和謂語部分,由that、who、when等引導(dǎo)詞（Connective）引導(dǎo)的非主句部分.
[編輯本段]分類
從句有主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句6類.前四類由于主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句及同位語從句在句子的功用相當(dāng)于名詞,所以通稱名詞性從句；后兩類定語從句和狀語從句功用相當(dāng)于形容詞,稱為形容詞性從句.狀語從句還可以分為條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句、方位狀語從句和時(shí)間狀語從句.
1.主語從句（Subject Clause）：用作主語的從句叫主語從句.引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有從屬連詞、疑問代詞、疑問副詞、縮合連接代詞、縮合連接副詞等.
2.表語從句（Predicative Clause）：用作表語的從句叫表語從句.引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大都一樣.
3.賓語從句（Object Clause）：在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.賓語從句分為三類:動(dòng)詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句.
[編輯本段]賓語從句

第一部分
一.、定義：
賓語從句就是一個(gè)句子作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語.
二、學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語序和時(shí)態(tài).
連接詞一般都是that(指事務(wù)或人),which（指事）,who（指人）
1．從句為陳述句,常選擇連接詞that或?qū)hat省略,直接與主句相連.
2．從句為一般疑問句,常選擇連接詞if或whether.在whether…or not結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用if替換.
3．從句為特殊疑問句,常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問代、副詞作連接詞.
★當(dāng)who為主語時(shí),句式為：who+謂語+其他
判斷時(shí)態(tài)情況：
1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句為各種時(shí)態(tài)情況
2.主句是一般過去時(shí),從句為各種相應(yīng)過去時(shí)態(tài)注意：從句描繪客觀事實(shí),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
3.主句是一般將來時(shí),一般從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（“主將從現(xiàn)”）
例題：
〈1. The teacher told the children that the sun＿＿＿＿ round.
A. was B. is C. were D. are
〈2. I believe that our team＿＿＿＿ the basketball match.
A. win B. won C. will win D. wins
〈3. I don’t know＿＿＿＿ to visit the old man.
A. whether B. if C. that D. who
〈4.The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school.
A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where
答4：選B,動(dòng)詞reach后接賓語從句,從句缺少賓語,where不可,which引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)表疑問含義“哪一個(gè)…”而此句中并非疑問含義,不知道哪一座廟宇,而是用what從句表陳述含義,意“過去的一座舊廟宇”；temple后為對(duì)其修飾的定語從句,用關(guān)系代詞which代替,并在從句中作動(dòng)詞used的賓語,use sth. as…“把…用作…
賓語從句,在復(fù)合句中作賓語,位于及物動(dòng)詞后；
Tell him which class you are in ．
Do you know what he likes?
(1)主、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致：
主句謂語過去時(shí),從句相應(yīng)過去時(shí)；
He answered that he was listening to me.
主句謂語現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)任所需；
He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.
They know (that) he is working hard.
具體過去永不變,真理格言現(xiàn)在時(shí)；
He told me that he was born in 1980.
Father told me that practice makes perfect .
（2）否定前移,及完成反意問句；
在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等動(dòng)詞后跟賓語從句否定式時(shí),應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上去,完成反意疑問句時(shí),應(yīng)與從句主、謂保持一致.（注: 否定前移的條件是,主句主語是第一人稱）
I don't think you are right ,are you ?
I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they ?
（3）在表示建議 suggest , advise
要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose；
決定 decide; 命令 order、command; 堅(jiān)決主張 insist;
等動(dòng)詞后跟賓語從句,用（should）+v．（虛擬語氣）
eg． I suggested that you（should）study hard．
He ordered that we should go out at once．
（4）如果賓語從句后有賓語補(bǔ)足語,用it作形式賓語,把賓語從句后置
eg．You may think it strange that he would live there．
（5）賓語從句that?？墒÷?但在以下情況下不能省略
A．當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí),可以省略第一個(gè)that,其他不能省略.
eg．I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get bet?鄄ter．
B．當(dāng)it作形式賓語時(shí)
eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．
C．當(dāng)賓語從句前置時(shí)
eg．That our team will win,I believe．
三、分類
A 、作動(dòng)詞的賓語:
eg．I heard the news
I 主語 heard 謂語動(dòng)詞 the news.名詞作賓語
I主語 heard 謂語動(dòng)詞 that he would come here later on.一個(gè)句子作賓語---賓語從句
B 、作介詞的賓語:
eg．He said nothing about this plan .
He主語 said 謂語動(dòng)詞 nothing 代詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語 about 介詞 the plan. 名詞作介詞的賓語
四、帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的構(gòu)成:
帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句就是用連接詞把一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)賓語從句連接在一起.連接詞有：that(可省略),what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.
五、注意：
A 賓語從句必須用陳述語序.
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
B 有時(shí)候可以用it 作形式賓語,而把真正的賓語從句放在后面.
Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.
Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.
Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.
C 帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的否定形式一般是否定主句.
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.
Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
D False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.
Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.
4.同位語從句（Appositive Clause）： 與先行詞同位或等同的從句叫作同位語從句.其關(guān)聯(lián)詞多為that.
5.定語從句（Attributive Clause）：用作定語的從句叫定語從句.定語從句一般皆放在被它所修飾的名（代）詞之后,這種名（代）詞就叫作先行詞（Antecedent）.引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞為關(guān)系代詞(或稱引導(dǎo)詞、關(guān)系詞等）.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中可用作主語、賓語、定語等；關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中用作狀語.
①引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why 和 which. 在非限制定語從句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整個(gè)句子, 多用which.
例句：
The dog that/which was lost has been found. （失蹤的狗已經(jīng)找到了.）
Those who are in favor of the proposal are expected to discuss it in detail after the meeting. （有人認(rèn)為那些對(duì)這個(gè)提案有興趣的人最好是在會(huì)后再具體討論它.）
There are many organizations whose purpose is to help the homeless. （存在著許多旨在幫助無家可歸者的組織.）
The days when we had to rely on wool, cotton or silk for our clothes have now passed. （那種必須依賴羊毛,棉花或者蠶絲做衣服的日子已經(jīng)過去了.）
Air moves from places where the pressure was high to places where the pressure is low. （空氣從壓強(qiáng)高的地方流向壓強(qiáng)低的地方.）
This is the reason why he refused to help us. （這就是他拒絕幫助我們的原因.）
He was born in 1976, when an earthquake struck the country. （他出生于1976年,這一年這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)生了地震.）
They turned a blind eye to the suffering of the people, which enraged all of us. （他們對(duì)受苦人們的漠視激怒了我們.）
② 當(dāng)引導(dǎo)定語從句的先行詞前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等詞, 或先行詞前為形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí),或先行詞為all, anything, nothing, something, everything 時(shí),從句的引導(dǎo)詞只能用that.
The only thing that matters to the children is how soon they can have their holiday. （孩子們唯一關(guān)心的是他們什么時(shí)候放假.）
These are the very points that puzzle me. （真正困擾我的是這些觀點(diǎn).）
Is there anything that bothers you? （有什么事煩著你嗎?）
This is the best film that was ever produced by the company. （這部是那個(gè)公司有史以來拍攝得最好的電影.）
③as 可做引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語從句, 多和such, the same 連用. As 引導(dǎo)的定語從句也可修飾整個(gè)句子, 既可放在先行詞后,也可放在句子開頭.
例句：
Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.（你描述的那一類人現(xiàn)在很少了.）
The boy was run over by a motor-car, as often happened in pre-liberation Shanghai.（那個(gè)男孩被一輛摩托軋過去了,這種事在解放前的上海是不少見的.）
As is often the case, the girl forgot to bring her dictionary.（正如往常一樣,這個(gè)女孩又忘了帶上字典.）
We are opposed to such ideas as are not based upon objective facts.（我們是反對(duì)這種毫無事實(shí)根據(jù)的想法的.）
④介詞+which/whom/whose從句
The driver is the man from whose room she had stolen the gold watch.（她就是從那個(gè)司機(jī)的房間偷了金表的.）
Language is a tool by means of which people communicate ideas with each other.（語言就是人們用來和其他人交流的一種工具.）
Jane spent all evening talking about her latest book, of which none of us had ever heard.（Jane一晚上都在談?wù)撝沧罱鼘W(xué)課本,那些內(nèi)容我們聞所未聞.）
例題：
Water dissolves a part of nearly everything _______ it comes in contact.
a. where b. that c with which d as soon as
⑤代/名+介詞+which 從句
He is needing a book, the name of which I don't know.（他需要一本書,但是我不知道書名.）
In factories and in our daily life, there are many waste materials, all of which can he turned into useful things under certain condition.（在工廠里,在我們的日常生活中都有很多垃圾,其實(shí)這些垃圾在某種情況下是可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橛杏玫臇|西的.）
To make an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer.（為了能夠客觀地測(cè)試,老師寫了一串答案唯一的問題.）
⑥同位語從句和定語從句
The news that he has been admitted by Harvard University is very pleasing.（他被哈佛大學(xué)錄取的消息非常令人興奮.）
The news that you told me was really exciting.（你告訴我的好個(gè)消息真的是很激動(dòng)人心.）
⑦ 難句:
NO.1He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.（他是被選為代表該團(tuán)隊(duì)的人中一員.）
NO.2He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.（他是那些男孩中唯一一個(gè)愿意再接受任務(wù)的人.）
NO.3I shall never forget the day when we first met.
第二部分
一、時(shí)態(tài)
1·主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài).
2·主句用過去時(shí),從句用過去某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài).
3·主句用過去時(shí),從句是真理時(shí),只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).
二、賓語從句的幾類連接詞：
①從屬連詞
連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether. that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句,而if和whether引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的賓語從句.
例句：
He told that he would go to the college the next year
他告訴我他下一年上大學(xué).
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道是否還會(huì)有公交車.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
沒人知道他是否會(huì)通過考試.
②連接代詞
連接代詞主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.
連接代詞一般指疑問,但what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.
例句：
Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
你知道誰贏了這一局紅警游戲嗎?
I don’t know whom you should depend on.
我不知道你該依靠誰.
The book will show you what the best CEOs know.
這本書會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?
③連接副詞
連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
例句：
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
他沒有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見面.
Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?
你能展示給我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤嗎?
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到.
三、動(dòng)詞的賓語從句
大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都可以帶賓語從句
We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.
我們都預(yù)料他們會(huì)贏,因?yàn)樗麄兊年?duì)員更強(qiáng)壯.
He told us that they would help us though the whole work.
他告訴我們?cè)谡麄€(gè)工作中,他都會(huì)幫忙的.
★部分“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句
例句：
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場(chǎng)音樂會(huì)的所有票都賣光了.
Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?
你能計(jì)算出這次旅行我們將花費(fèi)多少錢嗎?
★動(dòng)詞短語也可以帶賓語從句
常見的這些詞有：make sure確保 make up one’s mind下決心 keep in mind牢記
例句：
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯(cuò)誤.
四、可運(yùn)用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句
①動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.
例句：
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
我沒去聚會(huì),感覺非常遺憾.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.
我們都認(rèn)為對(duì)這件事馬上做出決定很重要.
②有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語從句時(shí)尋要在賓語與從句前加it
這類動(dòng)詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
例句：
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.
我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說話.
He will have it that our plan is really practical.
他會(huì)認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行.
We take it that you will agree with us.
我們認(rèn)為你會(huì)同意我們的.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.
開啟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí), 一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.
③若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替
例句：
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.
我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的.
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的.
五、介詞的賓語從句
用wh-類的介詞賓語從句
例句：
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部.
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
這本新書是關(guān)于神州6號(hào)載人航天飛船是如何升如太空的.
★用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
例句：
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
對(duì)于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知.
六、形容詞的賓語從句
常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
例句：
I am sure I will pass the exam.
我確信我會(huì)通過考試.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
很抱歉我這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在打擾你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
他很高興在他生病的時(shí)候李明能去看望他.
七、if,whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別
①if和whether在作“是否”解時(shí),引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動(dòng)詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介詞后一般不用if
②少數(shù)動(dòng)詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether.
③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
④在不定式前只能用whether.
如： I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下.
⑤避免歧異時(shí),我們常用whether而不用if.
八、哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that
1.當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí);
2.當(dāng)賓語從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí);
3.當(dāng)主語狀語置于主句尾,賓語從句之前時(shí);
4.當(dāng)主語謂語動(dòng)詞(包括非謂語動(dòng)詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時(shí);
5.當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí),此時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略,第二個(gè)that不可以省略;
6.當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時(shí);
7.當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時(shí);
8.當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動(dòng)詞或主語從句時(shí);
9.當(dāng)主語中的謂語動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí);
10.當(dāng)賓語從句有it做其先行詞時(shí);
11.在直接引語中,轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時(shí).
九、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.
例句：
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能說成I think he won’t come to my party.
我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來我的舞會(huì).
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我認(rèn)為那個(gè)人不是Jim所殺的,是不是?
★如果賓語從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.
例句：
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細(xì)聽老師講課,是不是?
十、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序
當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)的時(shí)候,賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響.
當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí)的時(shí),細(xì)分為一下幾種情況：
①從句用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示與主句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生
例句：
I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.
我只知道他當(dāng)時(shí)在西方的一個(gè)國(guó)家讀書,可不知道是哪個(gè)國(guó)家.
He asked me if I was reading the story “The Old Man and the Sea ”when he was in.
他問我他進(jìn)來的時(shí)候我是否正在讀.
②從句過去完成時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前
例句：
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.
他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會(huì)議的事情告訴的了Mary.
③從句謂語用過去將來時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之后
例句：
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
記者問政府是否會(huì)采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂.
★如果從句是一個(gè)客觀真理,那么從句的時(shí)候不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化
例句：
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn).
★當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時(shí),不能按正常語序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首
例句：
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
你認(rèn)為今年公眾會(huì)選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手.
[編輯本段]同位語從句
同位語從句用法比較"固定",把關(guān)鍵的幾個(gè)詞背下來（下面這個(gè)材料供參考）：
一、在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句.它一般跟在某些名詞后面,用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容.如：
I heard the news that our team had won．我聽到了我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息.
I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在這里.
二、可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words（消息）,possibility等.如：
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 我從王先生那里來,他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了.
三、英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通有連詞 that,whether,連接副詞 how,when,where等.（注：if,which 不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句.）如：
l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來.
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個(gè)問題.
四、有時(shí)同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面,而被別的詞隔開. 如：
Several years later,word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them．
幾年以后,有消息傳來說拿破侖要親自視 察他們.
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．
他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了.
五、同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別.
1、同位語從句與前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系,即說明它前面名詞的內(nèi)容；而定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系,即限定它前面的名詞范圍,或補(bǔ)充一些情況.如：
The news that l have passed the exam is true．我通過了考試這一消息是真的.
（同位語從句,即從句所表達(dá)的意思就是前面名詞的內(nèi)容.）
The news that he told me just now is true．他剛才告訴我的消息是真的.
（定語從句,從句對(duì)前面名詞起修飾限制作用,即“他告訴我的”那個(gè)消息,而不是別的消息.）
2、引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that是連詞,在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成份,而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞,除起連接作用外,還在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語等.如：
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
計(jì)算機(jī)能夠識(shí)別人的聲音的想法使許多人感到驚奇.（that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成份.）
The idea that he gave surprises many people．他提出的觀點(diǎn)令許多人感到吃驚.
（that在從句中作gave的賓語.）
一個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)對(duì)另一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾,限定或說明,這個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)就是同位語.同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致,并常常緊挨在一起.
1) 非獨(dú)立的同位語：常出現(xiàn)在被限定詞前
Bruce Lee (姓名) 李小龍
Graf Schmidt (稱號(hào),渾名) 施密特伯爵
Doktor Wang (職稱,頭銜) 王博士
Uncel Liu (親戚的稱呼) 劉叔叔
die Stadt Shanghai (類屬名稱) 上海市
the Province Hebei (類屬名稱) 河北省
das Jahr 2000 (類屬名稱) 2000 年
three Kilo tomato (度量名稱) 三公斤西紅柿
the University Bremen (專有名詞) 不來梅大學(xué)