兩題都涉及were型虛擬語氣.
第一題錯(cuò)綜時(shí)態(tài),填had not smoked.
第二題wish后賓語從句的虛擬,說眼下情況填had,說過去情況填had had.
請(qǐng)參看以下部分：
1.混合條件句(錯(cuò)綜時(shí)態(tài))
有時(shí),主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間,主句從句謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬語氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同,這種條件句叫做混合條件句.例如：
If you had asked him yesterday,you would know what to do now.
如果你昨天問過他,今天就知道做什么了.(從句與過去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反.)
If he had followed the doctor's advice,he would be quite all right now.
If I were you,I would have gone to the theatre.假如我是你,我會(huì)去看話劇了.(從句的時(shí)間包括現(xiàn)在,主句說明過去)
If you hadn't helped me,I couldn't have finished it on time and most likely I would be still working now.假若你沒有幫助我,我不可能按時(shí)完成工作,很可能現(xiàn)在還在干哩.(從句說明過去,主句說明過去和現(xiàn)在)
2.在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句(常省去連詞that),表示不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望.一般來講,說現(xiàn)在情況,從句謂語用過去時(shí)；說過去或已發(fā)生,從句謂語用過去完成.
I wish I were a pilot.但愿我是個(gè)飛行員.
I wish I knew how to operate the machine.我要是會(huì)操作這架機(jī)器該有多好啊!(I'm sorry I don't know.)
I wish he hadn't gone.他要是沒走該多好!(I'm sorry he has gone.)
We wish you had come to our New Year's party.我們真希望你來參加我們新年聯(lián)歡會(huì)了.(but you did not)
She wished she knew how to play golf.她但愿會(huì)打高爾夫球.(和過去事實(shí)相反)
【注意】在賓語從句中可用would/might/could等加動(dòng)詞原形,表示對(duì)于將來的愿望.如：
I wish he might stay with me.我希望他和我住在一起.
He wishes I would go with him.他希望我和他一起去.
I wish you would be quiet.我希望你安靜一些.