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  • 非謂語動詞的時態(tài)

    非謂語動詞的時態(tài)
    好比是to do的完成時 進(jìn)行時等等 還有動名詞 諸如此類的
    英語人氣:844 ℃時間:2020-03-25 07:49:59
    優(yōu)質(zhì)解答
      1.動詞不定式
      例1:A lot of young people are learning to drive cars.(同時發(fā)生)
      例2:All of us expected to discover a new oil field.(非謂語動詞動作發(fā)生在后)
      例3:He is said to have studied English for three years.(非謂語動詞動作發(fā)生在前)
      注:動詞不定式的完成式有時用在intended,expected,meant,were to,was to等過去式的動詞后面,表示未實現(xiàn)的行為.例如:
      1)I meant to have sent the book to you by mail.(我本想把這本書郵寄給你的.)
      2)He was to have been the new ambassador,but he fell ill.(他原是要任新大使的,但是他病了.)
      2.動名詞
      例1:I am thinking of getting a new dictionary.(非謂語動詞動作發(fā)生在后)
      例2:We enjoy watching colour TV.(與謂語動詞動作同時)
      例3:He forgot having promised to write things for us.(非謂語動詞動作發(fā)生在前.)
      3.分詞
      例1:Singing a song,he came into the room.(非謂語動詞動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生)
      例2:Having written his composition,he went to have a heart to heart talk with Wang.(非謂語動詞動作發(fā)生在前)
      非謂語動詞的比較
      1.動名詞和動詞不定式在用法上的比較
     ?。?)一般說來動名詞所表示的動作在意義上是比較抽象的、一般的,時間概念不強,不是指某一次的動作;而動詞不定式所表示的
      動作則往往是具體的一次行為.例如:
      1)I like swimming,but I don't like to swim today.
      2) They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold.
      3) Would you prefer to stay at home this evening?
     ?。?)動詞不定式的邏輯主語,常常是句子的主語或句中的某個詞;而動名詞的邏輯主語可能是句子主語或句中某個詞,也可能是泛
      指一般人物,在句子里是找不著的.例如:
      1)I hate to be sitting idle.(我不想閑坐著.)(指自己)
      2)I hate saying nothing at a meeting but gossiping afterwards.(我不喜歡開會不說會后亂說.)(可能指自己,也可能泛
      指一般人)
     ?。?)有些詞后既可接動名詞亦可接動詞不定式,但意義不同,如stop,remember,forget,neglect,omit,dislike,detests,
      begin,continue,start,regret,intend,attempt,propose等.例如:
      When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking.(talking 是賓語,指停止講話這個動作)
      When the teacher came in,the students stopped to talk.(to talk是目的狀語,指停下前一動作來進(jìn)行talk)
      Remember,forget doing something (指已做過的事)
      Remember,forget to do something (指未做過的事)
      2.動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞在用法上的區(qū)別
      (1)作定語的區(qū)別.分詞往往表示它所修飾的詞所做的動作,即邏輯主語是它所修飾的詞;動名詞往往表示與它所修飾的詞有關(guān)的
      動作,即所修飾的詞不能充當(dāng)邏輯主語.例如:
      the raging storm (= the storm that is raging) (狂暴的風(fēng)雨)(分詞)
      scorching heat (= heat that is scorching) (炙人的熱氣)(分詞)
      sleeping car (= a car for sleeping) (動名詞)
      working method (= method of working)(動名詞)
      (2)作表語的區(qū)別.分詞作表語時保持它的形容詞特征,動名詞作表語時保持它的名詞特征.動名詞作表語時??膳c主語互換位
      置,分詞則不行.例如:
      The novel is interesting.( 現(xiàn)在分詞)
      My job is teaching English.(動名詞)
      (3)作狀語的區(qū)別.分詞具有副詞特征,可以直接用作狀語;動名詞不具有副詞特征,不能單獨作狀語,只有與介詞結(jié)合時才能作
      狀語.例如:
      1) Hearing the news,they immediately set off for the station.(分詞作狀語)
      2) Given another chance,I'll do it much better.(分詞作狀語)
      3) After finishing his homework,he went to the reading-room.(動名詞與介詞一起作狀語)
      4) On coming in she laid a file of documents upon the table.(動名詞與介詞一起作狀語)
      3.動詞不定式作賓語補語和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補語的區(qū)別
      動詞不定式只說明賓語的一個動作,而分詞則說明賓語的動作正在進(jìn)行.例如:
      1)Just then he heard someone sing in the next room.(在那時,他聽見有人在隔壁房間里唱歌.)
      2)Just then he heard someone singing in the next room.(在那時,他聽見有人正在隔壁房間里唱歌.)
      非謂語動詞的一般式表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生,非謂語動詞的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表
      示的動作之前.
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