People s Mark Twain (Mark Twain ,1835-1910) is a famous American novelist, and his many works. 他擅長(zhǎng)使用幽默和諷刺,針砭時(shí)弊時(shí)一針見血,毫不留情,其創(chuàng)作將現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的刻畫和浪漫主義的抒情和諧地統(tǒng)一. He specializes in using humor and irony, point out problems when sharply, relentless, its creation will be realistic characterizations and lyrical romanticism harmonious unity. 他的作品對(duì)后來的美國(guó)文學(xué)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響,人們普遍認(rèn)為馬克·吐溫是美國(guó)文學(xué)史上的一大里程碑. His work on the later American literature had a profound impact, it is generally considered the history of American literature Mark Twain is a major milestone.
馬克·吐溫是美國(guó)批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)的奠基人,世界著名的短篇小說大師. Mark Twain is American literature of the founder of critical realism, the world-famous short story master. 他經(jīng)歷了美國(guó)從“自由”資本主義到帝國(guó)主義的發(fā)展過程,其思想和創(chuàng)作也表現(xiàn)為從輕快調(diào)笑到辛辣諷刺再到悲觀厭世的發(fā)展階段. He went through the United States from the "free" capitalism to the development of imperialism, their ideas and creativity are reflected from the light make fun of the bitter irony then pessimistic stage of development.
作品文字清新有力,審視角度自然而獨(dú)特,被視為美國(guó)文學(xué)史上具劃時(shí)代意義的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義著作. Fresh and powerful works of writing, examine the natural and unique perspective, is considered a landmark in the history of American literature realism works. 19世紀(jì)末,隨著美國(guó)進(jìn)入帝國(guó)主義發(fā)展階段,馬克·吐溫一些游記、雜文、政論,等的批判揭露意義也逐漸減弱,而絕望神秘情緒則有所伸長(zhǎng). The late 19th century, with the United States entered into the imperialist stage of development, some of Mark Twain travels, essays, political commentary, and other critical disclosure significance of gradually weakened, while the mysterious mood of despair is somewhat elongated.
馬克·吐溫被譽(yù)為“美國(guó)文學(xué)中的林肯”. Mark Twain as the "Lincoln in American Literature." 他的主要作品已大多有中文譯本. His main work has been mostly a Chinese translation.
【主要情節(jié)、主人公】 【Main plot, the hero】
《湯姆·索亞歷險(xiǎn)記》是馬克·吐溫的四大名著之一. "Adventures of Tom Sawyer" is one of Mark Twain's four masterpieces. 小說描寫的是以湯姆·索亞為首的一群孩子天真浪漫的生活. Tom Sawyer is a novel description of a group of children led by naive romantic life. 他們?yōu)榱藬[脫枯燥無(wú)味的功課、虛偽的教義和呆板的生活環(huán)境,作出了種種冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷. Their homework to get rid of dull, dull false teachings and the living environment, and made all kinds of adventures.
湯姆.索亞天真活潑,一天他約哈克夜間去墳場(chǎng)玩耍,目睹伊江殺人的慘案,經(jīng)思想斗爭(zhēng)揭發(fā)了伊江的罪惡. Tom. Sawyer lively, one day he Yue Hake cemetery at night to play, witnessed the murder of the tragedy in Iraq river, discovered by the ideological struggle of the Iraqi river of evil. 伊江企圖殺害湯姆,結(jié)果失足墜入深谷而死. Ie tried to kill Tom, the result Shi Zuzhui into the ravine and died. 湯姆和哈克發(fā)現(xiàn)了伊江埋的一箱金子,兩人平分,都成了富翁. Tom and Huck found in Iraq buried in a box of gold river, the two equally, have become rich. 小說對(duì)美國(guó)虛偽庸俗的社會(huì)習(xí)俗偽善的宗教儀式進(jìn)行了諷刺和批判. American hypocrisy and vulgar novels of social customs were hypocritical religious satire and criticism.
【內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 【Introduction】
故事發(fā)生在19世紀(jì)上半葉密西西比河畔的一個(gè)普通小鎮(zhèn)上. The story first half of the 19th century, the Mississippi River in an ordinary town. 湯姆·索亞是個(gè)調(diào)皮的孩子,他和同父異母的弟弟一起接受姨媽波莉的監(jiān)護(hù). Tom Sawyer is a mischievous child, he and his half-brother, aunt Polly with the acceptance of guardianship. 他總是能想出各種各樣的惡作劇,讓波莉姨媽無(wú)可奈何,而他也總能想盡辦法來躲避懲罰. He can always come up with a variety of pranks, so helpless Aunt Polly, and he always tried their best to avoid punishment. 一天,湯姆見到了可愛的姑娘貝基·撒切爾,她是撒切爾法官的女兒. One day, Tom met a lovely girl, Becky Thatcher, she is the daughter of Judge Thatcher. 湯姆一見到她就對(duì)她展開了攻勢(shì). Tom saw her she launched a major attack. 而他的愛似乎也得到了回應(yīng). His love seems to get a response. 鎮(zhèn)上有一個(gè)孩子叫哈克貝利·費(fèi)恩. The town has a child called Huckleberry Finn. 他的父親總是酗酒,父母一直打架,因此他跑出來自己生活. His father is always drinking, parents have been fighting, so he ran out of their own lives. 他看起來和文明社會(huì)格格不入,大人們都不喜歡他,可湯姆和他卻是好朋友. He looked fit and civil society, large people do not like him, Tom, and he is a good friend. 有一天他們約好晚上一起去墓地,卻看到了意想不到的一幕. One day they went to an appointment at the cemetery has seen an unexpected scene. 他們看到魯濱遜醫(yī)生、惡棍印第安·喬和喝得醉醺醺的莫夫·波特. They see doctors Robinson, villain Injun Joe and Muff Potter drunk. 在他們混亂的廝打中,印第安·喬把醫(yī)生殺死了,然后又嫁禍于被打昏的波特身上. In their chaotic tussle in Injun Joe killed the doctor, and then put the blame on Porter who was beaten unconscious. 湯姆和哈克被嚇壞了,立了血誓決不泄密. Tom and Huck were terrified, established a blood oath never leaked. 波特被捕以后,湯姆十分內(nèi)疚,經(jīng)常去看望他. Porter was arrested, Tom is guilty, often to see him. 此時(shí)的湯姆事事不順,貝基生了他的氣,不再理睬他,波莉姨媽也總是呵斥他,他覺得沒有人關(guān)心他. Tom at this time everything is unfavorable, Becky gave birth to his gas, ignoring him, aunt always scold him, he felt no one care about him. 子是,湯姆、哈克和村上的另一個(gè)孩子一起乘小船去了一個(gè)海島. Son, Tom, Huck, and Murakami's another child with a boat to the island. 可沒過多久,他們便發(fā)現(xiàn)村里的兒門以為他們淹死了,正在搜尋他們的尸體. Can not long before they found the door that the village children who drowned, are searching for their bodies. 湯姆晚上悄悄回到了姨媽家,發(fā)現(xiàn)波莉姨媽正在為他的'死”悲痛欲絕.湯姆覺得十分慚愧.最終,他們?nèi)齻€(gè)人在村民們?yōu)樗麄兣e行葬禮的時(shí)候回來了.夏天來臨時(shí),湯姆便感到更加不安,因?yàn)榉ü賹?duì)波特的罪行作出判決.湯姆終于戰(zhàn)勝了恐懼與自私,指出了印第安·喬就是殺人兇手.可兇手還是逃走了.后來,湯姆又想出了一個(gè)主意：尋找寶藏.湯姆和哈克偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了印第安·喬和他的一大筆不義之財(cái).但他們卻不知道他把錢藏在哪里了.在貝基和同學(xué)們外出野餐時(shí),哈克得知印第安·喬要去加害道格拉斯寡婦,因?yàn)樗恼煞蛟?jīng)送他進(jìn)過監(jiān)獄.幸虧哈克及時(shí)報(bào)信才避免了一場(chǎng)悲劇的發(fā)生,可印第安·喬再一次逃之天天.此時(shí),湯姆和貝基在野餐時(shí)走進(jìn)了一個(gè)山洞,因?yàn)槎刺疃也坏交貋淼穆?被困在里面.他們?cè)谏蕉蠢镌僖淮斡鲆娏擞〉诎病?村民費(fèi)盡周折救出湯姆和貝基之后封死了山洞.后來湯姆告知村民印第安·喬還在里面.當(dāng)他們找到他時(shí),他已經(jīng)死在山洞里了.惡人得到了應(yīng)有的報(bào)應(yīng).湯姆和哈克再次回到山洞里,找到了那筆寶藏. Tom quietly back to his aunt at night and found that Aunt Polly was for his' death "distraught. Tom feel so ashamed. In the end, three of them were in the village for the funeral when they come back. Summer comes, Tom they feel more insecure because of the crimes the judge will make a decision Porter. Tom finally overcome fear and selfishness, that is the murderer of Injun Joe. may be the murderer or fled. Later, Tom came up with an idea: to find treasures. Tom and Huck accidentally found Injun Joe and his ill-gotten gains for a large. but they do not know where he hid his money was. Becky and students out in the picnic, Huck learned Joe Douglas to go to harm Indian widow because her husband, who had sent him to prison. Thanks Huck messenger before time to avoid a tragedy, can once again escape of Injun Joe every day. At this point, Tom and Tony base in the picnic into a cave, because the hole too deep and can not find the way back, trapped inside. They met again in the cave of Injun Joe. villagers had to be painstakingly seal rescued after Tom and Becky dead cave. Later, Tom Injun told the villagers are still inside. When they found him, he had died in a cave. the wicked get their due reward. Tom and Huck to return to the cave, found that document treasures.
【主要思想】 The main idea】 【
《湯姆·索亞歷險(xiǎn)記》描寫了小男孩湯姆·索亞厭惡家里和學(xué)校中那枯燥無(wú)味的生活環(huán)境,向往與追求綠林好漢的冒險(xiǎn)生活. "Adventures of Tom Sawyer" Tom Sawyer described the little boy at home and in school hate that boring living environment, longing for adventure and the pursuit of outlaw life. 這部小說滿足了男孩們對(duì)于名望,英雄主義,金銀財(cái)富和奉承的最深的愿望,生動(dòng)地再現(xiàn)了南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)前的一個(gè)美國(guó)邊疆小鎮(zhèn)的生活景象,既可以使人得到美的享受,又可以使人的懷舊心理得到極大的滿足. This novel meets the boys for the fame, heroism, gold and silver wealth and adulation of the deepest aspirations, and vividly depicts the Civil War, an American frontier town before the scene of life, not only can people enjoy the beauty, but also can make the nostalgia was tremendous satisfaction. 其所描寫的湯姆和其他孩子們的行為和心理活動(dòng)具有普遍的意義,能夠激發(fā)許多人的興趣. Its description of Tom and other children's behavior and mental activity is of universal significance, to stimulate interest of many people. 小說的結(jié)構(gòu)也非常完整. Structure of the novel is complete. 它有“四個(gè)敘述單元”和“四條情節(jié)線索”:湯姆和貝姆的故事,湯姆和穆夫·波特的故事,杰克遜島的插曲,以及導(dǎo)致發(fā)現(xiàn)財(cái)富的一系列事件. It has the "four narrative units" and "four plot lines": the story of Tom and Behm, the story of Tom and Mufubote Jackson Island episode, as well as a series of events led to the discovery of wealth. 這四條情節(jié)線索有機(jī)地交織在一起,使全書有較強(qiáng)的戲劇色彩. These four plot lines are organically intertwined, so that the book has a strong dramatic color. 這部小說的心理描寫比較細(xì)致,敘述人所用的是一個(gè)成年人觀察小男孩的那種觀點(diǎn). The novel's more detailed psychological description, the narrator is an adult used to observe the little boy that view. 《湯姆·索亞歷險(xiǎn)記》的確是一部值得欣賞的好書. "Adventures of Tom Sawyer" is indeed a good book worthy of appreciation. 作為對(duì)早年的美國(guó)邊疆生活的紀(jì)念,它具有非常寶貴的歷史意義,而作為一部構(gòu)思完美、人物形象生動(dòng)的小說,它又具有較高的藝術(shù)價(jià)值和審美價(jià)值. As early American frontier life, a memorial, it has a very valuable historical significance, and as an idea of the perfect, the characters vivid novel, it has high artistic value and aesthetic value.