⑴ 時間或地點介詞in、on、at的用法區(qū)別：表示時間時, in表示在一段時間里(在將來時句子中則表示在一段時間之后), on表示在具體的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某個時刻或者瞬間；表示地點時, in表示在某個范圍之內(nèi), on表示在某個平面上或與一個面相接觸,at則表示在某個具體的場所或地點.如：He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)/ I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七點鐘起床) / His glasses are right on his nose.(他的眼鏡就架在他的鼻子上)/ He is at the cinema at the moment.(此刻他正在電影院)
⑵ after與in表示時間的用法區(qū)別：“after+(具體時刻/從句)”表示“在…時刻之后”常用于一般時態(tài)；“in+(一段時間)”表示“在(多久) 之后”,常用于將來時態(tài).如：He said that he would be here after 6：00.(他說他六點鐘之后會來這兒)/ My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父親大約一個月以后從英國回來)
⑶ since與for表示時間的用法區(qū)別：“since+(具體時刻/that-從句)”表示“自從…起一直到現(xiàn)在”,“for +(一段斶間)”表示“總共有…之久”,都常用于完成時態(tài)；如：Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自從1970年起就在這家工廠工作了)/ Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (李叔叔在這家工廠已經(jīng)工作了30多年)
⑷ by、in與with表示方式的用法區(qū)別：都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某個交通工具或“以……方式”,在被動句中可以表示動作的執(zhí)行者；in表示“使用”某種語言/文字,with表示“使用”某個具體的工具、手段.如：We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我們用眼睛看東西,用雙腳走路)/ Please write that article(文章) in English.(請你用英語寫那篇文章)/ Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.(我們打的去動物園吧.)/ It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍寫的)
⑸ about與on的用法區(qū)別：都可以表示“有關(guān)…”,但是about的意義比較廣,而on主要表示“有關(guān)…(專題/課程)”.如：Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America.(湯姆要作一個美國歷史的報告)/ They are very excited talking about the coming field trip.(他們興致勃勃地談?wù)撝磳淼降囊巴饴糜?
⑹ through與across、over的用法區(qū)別： through指“穿過…(門洞/人群/樹林)”； across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互換,但是表示“翻過…”時只能用over. 如：Just then a rat (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那時一只老鼠跑過路面)/ There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座橋)/ They climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.(他們翻過大山提前到達了那里)/ The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(參觀者們穿過一個大門來到另一個公園)
(7)as與like的區(qū)別：兩個詞都表示“像……”,但是as譯為“作為……”,表示的是職業(yè)、職務(wù)、作用等事實,而like譯為“像……一樣”,表示外表,不是事實.如：Let me speak to you as a father.(我以父親的身份和你講話.)(說話者是聽者的父親) / Let me speak to you like a father.(讓我像一位父親一樣和你講話)(說話者不是聽者的父親)
(8)at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法區(qū)別：at the end of…既可以表示時間也可以表示地點,譯為“在…末；在…盡頭”,常與過去時連用；by the end of…只能表示時間,譯為“在…前；到…為止”,常用于過去完成時； in the end與at last基本等義,表示“終于、最后”,通常用于過去時；to the end譯為“到…的終點為止”,前面往往有表示運動或連續(xù)性的動詞.如：By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III.(到上學(xué)期期末我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了第三冊16個單元)/ At the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows.(在路的盡頭你能找到一幢有棕色窗戶的白房子)/ They left for Beijing at the end of last week.(上周末他們動身去了北京)/ In the end he succeeded in the final exams.(他最終在期末考試中考及格了)/ We should go on with the work to the end.(我們應(yīng)該把工作干到底)/ Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.(沿這條路走到底就能看見一家郵電局)
(9)for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的區(qū)別：for a moment“一會兒、片刻”(=for a while),常與持續(xù)性動詞連用；for the moment“暫時、目前”,常用于現(xiàn)在時；in a moment“一會兒、立即、馬上”(=soon; in a few minutes),一般用于將來時；at the moment“此刻,眼下”(=now),用于現(xiàn)在進行時.如：Please wait for a moment.(請稍等)/ Let’s leave things as they are for the moment.(暫時就維持現(xiàn)狀吧!) / I’ll come back in a moment.(我過會兒回來)/ I am very busy at the moment.(眼下我很忙)
(10)but的問題：用介詞but引出另一個動詞時,要注意：如果前面有do,后面就用原形動詞,前面沒有do時,后面的動詞要加to.如：I could do nothing but wait.(我什么也做不了只能等) / They had no choice(選擇) but to fight.(他們沒有選擇只有戰(zhàn)斗)
(11)in front of 與in the front of： in front of“在…的前面”, 與in the front of“在…的前部”.如：A car was parking in front of the hall.(大廳跟前停著一輛汽車)/ In the front of the hall stood a big desk.(大廳前部立著一個大講臺)
(12)except (for)與besides的區(qū)別：except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含；而besides“除了”則表示包含,即“不僅……又……”.如：Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了故宮博物院)(Tom沒有去故宮)/ Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects.(除了漢語之外,他還學(xué)其他許多功課)(“漢語”也是他學(xué)的功課之一)
other than 除了.之外. There 're nobody here other than me 與.不同. 與.不同方式.we can't get there other than by swimming.
Apart from : with the exception of ...; besides... Apart form a few scratches, the car was undamaged