引述別人的話時,一般采用兩種方式：一是引用別人的原話,把它放在引號內(nèi),稱為直接引語；二是用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述,被轉(zhuǎn)述的話不放在引號內(nèi),稱為間接引語.間接引語在大多數(shù)情況下是一個賓語從語.直接引語變成間接引語時,要注意以下幾點：人稱變化、時態(tài)變化、賓語從句要用陳述句語序.
1.直接引語是陳述句,變成間接引語時,由連詞that 引導(dǎo).例如：
She said, "I am very happy to help you."→
She said that she was very happy to help you.
2. 直接引語是一般(選擇/反意)疑問句,變成間接引語時,由連詞whether或if 引導(dǎo).例如：
He asked me, "Do you like playing football?"→
He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.
注意：大多數(shù)情況下,if和whether 可以互換,但后有or not,或在動詞不定式前,或放在介詞后作連接詞時,一般只用whether.例如：
She asked me whether he could do it or not.
He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.
3. 直接引語是特殊疑問句,變成間接引語時,由相應(yīng)的疑問詞who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引導(dǎo).例如：
My sister asked me, "How do you like the film?"→
My sister asked me how I liked the film.
4. 直接引語是祈使句,變成間接引語時,把動詞原形變成動詞不定式,并在動詞不定前加tell, ask, order 等的賓語.例如：
The captain ordered, "Be quiet."→
The captain ordered us to be quiet.
注意：此種情況的否定句,在動詞不定式前加not.
My teacher asked me, "Don't laugh."→
My teacher asked me not to laugh.
5. 一些注意事項
(1)直接引語是客觀事實、普遍真理等,變成間接引語時,時態(tài)不變.例如：
They told their son,"The earth goes round the sun."→
They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.
(2)直接引語變間接引語時, 指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要作相應(yīng)的變化.如：this/that→ these/those, now→then, today→that day, yesterday→the day before, last year→the year before, ago→before, here→there等.例如：
He said, "I haven't seen her today."→
He said that he hadn't seen her that day.
注意：如果轉(zhuǎn)述時就在原來的地方,就在說話的當(dāng)天,就不必改變指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等.
(3)間接引語一般要用陳述句的語序,即主、謂、賓的順序.例如：
He asked Lucy, "Where did you go?"→
He asked Lucy where she went.
Tom said, "What do you want, Ann?"→
Tom asked Ann what she wanted.
祈使句表示請求、命令、建議等等.謂語動詞一律用原形.句子中通常不用主語,句末用驚嘆號或者句號,用降調(diào).
1含有第二人稱主語的祈使句
Be careful!小心!
Don''t make such a noise.不要這么吵.
1.肯定的祈使句
a.句型：動詞原形～.（省略主語）
Stand up.起立.
Be quiet,please.請安靜.
b.有時,為了加強語氣,可以在動詞之前加do
Do sit down.
務(wù)必請坐.
Do study hard.
一定要努力學(xué)習(xí).
比較
祈使句和陳述句陳述句：
You sit down.
你坐下來.
祈使句：
Sit down.坐下
（省略主語you）
c.用客氣的語氣表示祈使句時,可在句首或句尾加上please,但如果在句尾加please,那在please之前一定要加一個逗號“,”.
Go this way,please.
請這邊走.
d.祈使句中如果有喚語,一定要用逗號“,”隔開,放在句首或句尾.
Li Ming,come here.
李明,過來.
Come here,Li Ming.
過來,李明.
2.否定的祈使句
句型：Don''t +動詞原形～
Don''t swim in the river.
別在河里游泳.
Don''t be late.別遲到.
Please don''t be noisy.
請不要大聲喧嘩.
注意
表示禁止時,尤其是標語等也可用“No+動名詞”來表示.
No smoking.
禁止吸煙.
No parking.
禁止停車.
句型轉(zhuǎn)換
祈使句與陳述句的改寫
1．祈使句=You must …（陳述句）
Come here .過來.
=You must come here .
你必須過來.
Don''t do that again.
你一定不可以再那樣做了.
2．Please +祈使句=Will you (please) ～?（陳述句）
Please help me .請幫幫我.
=Will you (please) help me?
你愿意幫我的忙嗎?
Come here on time ,please .請準時到這兒.
=Will you (please) come here on time ?
請你準時到好嗎?
2含有第一、第三人稱主語的祈使句
Let''s say good-by here.
我們在此道別吧.
Don''t let him do that again.
別讓他再那么做了.
1.肯定的祈使句
句型：·Let+第一人稱（me,us）～.
·Let+第三人稱代詞（賓格：him,her,it,them）或名詞～.
Let''s go at once.
咱們馬上動身吧.
Let me try again.
讓我再試試.
Let Tom go there himself.
讓湯姆自己去那兒.
注意
Let''s包括對方,Let us不包括對方.反意疑問句時最明顯.
Let''s go,shall we?
咱們?nèi)グ?怎么樣?
Let us go,will you?
讓我們?nèi)グ?行嗎?
（征求對方的意見）
2.否定的祈使句
句型：·Let''s（us,me）+not +動詞原形～.
·Don''t let +第三人稱代詞的賓格或名詞+動詞原形.
Let''s not say anything about it.
對于這件事,咱們什么也不要說.
Don''t let them play with fire.
別讓他們玩火.
句型轉(zhuǎn)換
祈使句有時相當(dāng)一個if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句.
祈使句：Use your head and you''ll find a way.
條件句：If you use your head,you''ll find a way.
如果你動動腦筋,你就會找到方法.
注意
回答Let''s～的反意疑問句句型時,肯定時用Yes,let''s.否定時用NO,let''s not.
祈使句變反意疑問句的方法：
祈使句后的反意疑問句形式
a,Let's表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh,簡短問句的主語用 we表示,問句用 shall we或 shan't we 如: Let's have a cup of tea ,shall we (shan't we)
b,Let me或 Let us表示聽話人提出請求,問句用 will you或 won't you .
Let me have a rest , will you (won't you )
c,其它的祈使句后可以加一個簡短問句,使語氣變得客氣一些.
如:Have a rest , will you
Stand up , will (won't) you
樓主不要太小氣哦!