在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中,有許多地方用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng),這對(duì)許多中國(guó)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)難點(diǎn),常常讓他們感到不好學(xué),不好掌握,在此小結(jié)一下
1、 Need,want,require（要求,需要）,deserve(應(yīng)得,值得),be worth值得）,not bear(經(jīng)不住) 后面接doing主動(dòng)表被動(dòng).
The book is worth reading.這本書(shū)值得一讀.
The old building requires repairing.這座古建筑需要修了.
These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.這些幼苗將需要小心的照管.
Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).你的頭發(fā)該剪了.
2、不定式作定語(yǔ),放在被修飾詞后面,與前面被修飾的名詞或代詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,又在句子中與另一名詞或代詞有主謂關(guān)系,不定式要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)含義.
I have much work to do.我有許多要做的事情.（與work有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,與I有主謂關(guān)系）
Tom is looking for a room to live in.Tom在找一間住的房間.（與room有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,與Tom 有主謂關(guān)系）
He has a family to support.他要維持一個(gè)家庭.（與family有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,與he有主謂關(guān)系）
3、不定式修飾作表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的形容詞時(shí),結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞 + 不定式； 動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞+不定式.如果形容詞是表示難易、利弊等含義,如
difficult,easy,comfortable(舒適的),convenient（便利的,方便的),hard,cheap,expensive,等,不定式用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng).
The question is difficult to answer.這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難回答.
The work is easy to do.這項(xiàng)工作很好做.
I found the car comfortable to ride in.我覺(jué)得這種車很好坐.
That makes poetry difficult to write.那就使得詩(shī)很難寫(xiě).
4、在be to結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式:這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式通常應(yīng)用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng).下列動(dòng)詞用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義:
Who is to blame for starting the fire?
這場(chǎng)火災(zāi)應(yīng)由誰(shuí)負(fù)責(zé)?
You are to blame for the accident.你應(yīng)為這事受動(dòng)責(zé)備.
The house is to let.此房出租.
A lot remains to do.還剩下許多事情要做.
5、系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式,但有些系動(dòng)詞常表示被動(dòng)意義.常見(jiàn)的有taste(吃起來(lái)),sound (聽(tīng)起來(lái)),prove(證明是),feel(摸上去感到),look(看起來(lái)),smell(聞起來(lái))等,例如:
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由聽(tīng)起來(lái)很合理.
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良藥苦口.
6、一些與can''t(不能)或won''t(不會(huì))連用的動(dòng)詞.常用的有:lock(鎖住),shut(關(guān)上) ,open(打開(kāi)),act(上演),write(寫(xiě)),cut(砍,切),wear(穿,戴)等,用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng).例如:
The door won''t open.這門(mén)打不開(kāi).
It can''t move.它不能動(dòng).
7、一些動(dòng)詞如sell(銷售) ,wash(洗),clean(打掃),burn(燃燒),cook(煮)等與副詞如well(好),easily(容易地),perfectly(十分地)等連用 ,描會(huì)事物的特性,用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng),結(jié)構(gòu)是主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+加副詞.例如:
The book sells well.這種書(shū)很暢銷.
These clothes wash easily.這些衣服很易洗.
The pen writes well.這筆很好寫(xiě).
8、主語(yǔ)much,a great deal,little,what等,其表語(yǔ)如是不定式,則用不定式的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng).
What is to do?做什么?
Much is to do.太多要做的事.
9、在“there be”句型中作主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)如果現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí),所用的現(xiàn)在分詞要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)意義.
There is nothing doing these days.這些天沒(méi)事干.
I see there’s a good idea planning.我知道又在打好主意.
Exercises:choose the best choice.
1.There are many good films played by ChengLong that are worth _____.
A.to be seen B.being seen C.seeing D.to see
2.The food _____ easily and sells _____.
A.cooks ; well B.is cooking; good C.is cooked; well D.cooked; good
3.The windows of the building can’t _____.,
A.be closed B.close C.be closing D.closed
Key:1-3 CAB