As we all know, the development of language is one of the most intuitionistic performance process. A process is a new things. People in the process of communication with other nationalities, unceasingly will pass some of the new words. These words came in, often several aspects of meaning: the surface is show new things, new knowledge. As we now here with the microphone, "the microphone" is a new thing in China, foreign things without the original, you must use this word to describe it, it defined. So in the table below, and further level, is a kind of new knowledge. People under the microphone, why speak voice so big? Now sound, light, electricity prosperity to tell people how knowledge into electromagnetic waves, etc., it is a kind of new knowledge. Further, under the new things, new knowledge, and a more profound impact level, is a kind of new thoughts, new concepts, new value system, using modern words that new discourse system, which is more important! Incidentally, "" is the earliest, microphone, then switch to" receiver ", "the microphone" has almost from our language, but now more and more people began to use "the microphone," developed "headset," "promise", etc. Similarly, the bus "is a kind of car, and have been," bus ", "van" instead, but now he's "back", "coach", "round", "battier", and has established "the city bus company". From this kind of transliterated disappear to reproduce, if have deep into the social background behind.
　　For example, some new: the introduction of modern "science" and "democracy" etc, the meaning from the traditional Chinese, is completely different words. We know, for example, the word "party" in Chinese traditional Chinese also have, but that is a very negative meanings, until today that negative meanings in language also entities, as we say "remains a gentleman does not commit one party", "buddies", "etc. However, the party in the word from foreign modem, after a considerable changes in Chinese traditional Chinese "party" the meaning of words. The word "party" has become almost entirely of modern political meaning of a word, in China's social influence. And if the employment, employee, the working class, labor sacred these words of modern China, politics, to inspire people to participate in social activities are plays very important role.
　　I also say the word "revolution" in "revolution", because of this word is represented a drastic change of Chinese modern society is a burner.
　　Liang qichao in 1902 specially written "interpretation", this article: he said "Revolution" of Chinese Revolution and the additional English contains two meanings: according to an additional is what some improvement, and improvement, such as British 1832 Revolution is actually additional. Revolution and the meaning is like a wheel, one thing is turned upside down, for example, the French Revolution is the 1789 Revolution. Liang qichao was in Japan, Japanese up these two words were translated into reform and innovation and revolution. The Japanese borrowed in Chinese, the word "revolution", but the Chinese revolution is mentioned in the yi dynasty, to name a new dynasty overthrew an old dynasty, so not modern revolution. In 1904, liang qichao and wrote the study of history of Chinese revolution, he put the revolution, a revolution in three levels, the broad and narrow generalized three levels: the generalized revolution refers to all society intangible thing tangible of big change, whether the concept, material, or a system of fundamental changes, Revolution means the generalized times by means of violence in a new era, an era replaced, The narrow revolution refers to the special forces to overthrow the government.
　　Now already is a "revolution" common word, but just introduced to China, people don't understand, so what is the meaning of this word of liang qichao made many explain revolution.
　　Just a few examples, the introduction of new, in fact, is a kind of new things, new things contains new knowledge, new knowledge under a new concept, breeds new value system, the new system. These new ideas, new words system will lead to social changes. Now our language "party" and the traditional "party" completely different, "revolution" and "traditional", "ShangWu soup revolution" revolution "of the revolution is totally different. Introducing new human interaction, in the process, the different language always in the mutual influence.
　　大家知道,語言的發(fā)展最直觀的表現(xiàn)之一就是新名詞的產(chǎn)生.一種新名詞就表示一個新的事物.人們在和別的民族交往過程中,不斷會傳遞一些新的詞匯.這些新詞傳進(jìn)來以后,往往有幾個層面的意義：最表層的就是表現(xiàn)新事物、新知識.比如我們現(xiàn)在在這里用麥克風(fēng),“麥克風(fēng)”就是一種外來的新事物,中國原來沒有這種事物,你必須用這個新詞描繪它,給它進(jìn)行定義.那么在這個表層面之下,還有進(jìn)一步的意義,就是一種新的知識.人在麥克風(fēng)之下說話為什么聲音這么大?現(xiàn)在聲、光、電繁榮知識告訴人們聲波怎么轉(zhuǎn)化成電磁波等等,這是一種新的知識.再進(jìn)一步說,在這種新事物、新知識之下,還有一個層面影響更深遠(yuǎn),就是一種新的思想、新的觀念、新的價(jià)值體系,用現(xiàn)代的話說叫新的話語系統(tǒng),這是更重要的!附帶說一下,“麥克風(fēng)”是最早的音譯,后來改用“話筒”,“麥克風(fēng)”幾乎已從我們的語言中退出,但現(xiàn)在人們又開始越來越多地用“麥克風(fēng)”,還發(fā)展出“耳麥”、“麥霸”等等.同樣,“巴士”也是一種車的音譯,早已被“公共汽車”、“面包車”取代,但現(xiàn)在又“卷土重來”,有“大巴”、“中巴”、“小巴”,還有的城市成立了“巴士公司”.從這種音譯詞的消失到重現(xiàn),如果仔細(xì)探究,后面有很深的社會背景呢.
　　比如說近代引進(jìn)的一些新詞：“科學(xué)”、“民主”等,這與中國傳統(tǒng)的格物、民本已經(jīng)是完全不同的話語了.我們也知道比如說“黨”,這個詞在中國傳統(tǒng)漢語里也有,但那是一個很負(fù)面的意思,直到今天這種負(fù)面的意思在語言中也還存有遺跡,像我們說“君子不黨”、“結(jié)黨營私”,“死黨”等.但是,黨這個詞在近代從外國引進(jìn)后,就相當(dāng)程度修改了中國傳統(tǒng)漢語中“黨”這個詞匯的意義.“黨”這個詞幾乎完全成為具有現(xiàn)代政治意義的一套話語,對中國社會的影響深遠(yuǎn).又如勞動、勞動者、勞動階級、勞動神圣這些詞,對中國近代政治、對鼓舞人民參加社會活動都起到很重要的作用.
　　我還要特別說說“革命”這個詞,因?yàn)橐浴案锩睘榇淼倪@套話語是中國近代社會劇烈變化的一個助燃劑.
　　梁啟超在1902年專門寫過“釋革”這篇文章,他說漢語“革命”含有英語Reform和Revolution這兩個意思：Reform是根據(jù)一個事物本來的面目而進(jìn)行的一些改良、改善,比如像英國1832年的革命實(shí)際上就是Reform.而Revolution的意思則是像輪子一樣,把一個事物完全顛倒了,比如說法國1789年的Revolution就是革命.梁啟超當(dāng)時在日本,日本人把這兩個詞分別翻譯成改革、革新和革命.日本人借用了漢語中“革命”這個詞,但漢語中提到的革命是指王朝的易姓,新王朝推翻了一個舊的王朝,所以不是現(xiàn)代意義上的革命.1904年的時候,梁啟超又寫了《中國歷史上革命之研究》,他把革命分了三個層次,認(rèn)為革命有狹義、次廣義和最廣義三個層次：最廣義的革命是指社會上一切有形無形之事物所發(fā)生的大變化,不論是觀念的、物質(zhì)的,還是一個制度發(fā)生的根本性的變動；次廣義的革命就是指用暴力手段,用一個新時代取代一個舊時代；最狹義的革命是指專用兵力來推翻中央政權(quán).
　　現(xiàn)在“革命”已是一個常識性的詞,但剛剛引入中國的時候,人們都不明白是什么意思,所以梁啟超就對革命這個詞做很多解釋.
　　剛才這幾個例子說明,新詞的引進(jìn),實(shí)際上就是一種新事物的引進(jìn),新事物包含著新知識,新知識之下孕育一種新概念、新的價(jià)值體系、新的話語體系.這些新的觀念、新的話語體系必將導(dǎo)致社會的變化.現(xiàn)在我們語言中的“黨”與傳統(tǒng)的“黨”完全不同,所說的“革命”與傳統(tǒng)“成湯革命”、“湯武革命”中的“革命”完全不同.新詞引進(jìn)說明,在人類交往的過程中,不同的語言總是在互相影響.