介詞in out on down up updown above with about to
副詞：英語中有一些表示方式、 程度的副詞具有兩種形式.如late,lately；
high,highly；slow,showly等 等.在這些詞當(dāng)中,兩種不同形式所表達(dá)的含
義有的完全不同,有的很相似,而有的卻完全一致.這就給人們 使用這些詞時(shí)
帶來一定的麻煩.特別是在學(xué)生中間,總免不了使用時(shí)的混淆.筆者想就此問題
分類作一點(diǎn)探討 .
（一）本類詞有hard,hardly；late,lately；most,mostly等等,這兩
種副詞形式含義完全不同,所以 ,使用時(shí)不易引起混淆.
1.He works hard all day.他整天都在使勁地干活.
He hardly works at all.他很少干活.
2.You have come too late.你來得太晚了.
Have you see him lately?你最近見到過他嗎?
3.The person who talks most is often the one who doesleast.說得最
多的人常常干得最少.
The audience consisted mostly of women.觀眾大部分是女的.
4.The next flight dose not go direct to Tokyo; it goes byway of
Shanghai.下趟航班不直飛東京 ,而是繞道上海.
He will be here directly.他馬上就來.
5.The rider pulled his horse up short.騎手突然一下把馬勒住.
Make a right turn shortly beyond the village.村前不遠(yuǎn)處往右拐.
6.Please stand clear of the gate.請(qǐng)不要站在門前.
He stated his view-point clealy.他很清楚明白地闡述了自己的觀點(diǎn).
7.The exam was pretty difficult.這次考試相當(dāng)難.
Her little girls are always prettily dressed.她的小女孩穿著總是很
漂亮.
（二）這類詞主要有wide,widely；close,closely ；high,highly等
等,這兩種副詞形式不同,含義 也有差別,但是沒有第一類的區(qū)別明顯,而且
翻譯成漢語時(shí)用詞也很接近.所以使用時(shí)很容易混淆.這類詞含 義及用法上的
主要特點(diǎn)是：不帶-ly的副詞表示具體的行為和動(dòng)作,說明的動(dòng)作或狀況有可測
量性和可見性；而 以-ly結(jié)尾的同源副詞所表達(dá)的常常是抽象性的行為和狀況.
這時(shí),這些詞大都具有"greatly"和"extremel y"的含義.試作如下比較：
1.Do you see that butterfly flying high above the street?你是否看
見那只蝴蝶在街道上方高高飛舞
The distinguished guests were highly praised.貴賓們受到了高度贊揚(yáng).
2.He flung the door wide open.他猛地把門開得大大的.
We were widely different on many questions.我們?cè)谠S多問題上分歧很
大.
3.You will have to pay dear for that telescope.買那個(gè)望遠(yuǎn)鏡你得付
很高的價(jià)錢.
You will pay dearly for the insult.對(duì)這樣的侮辱你將付出高昂的代價(jià).
4.She stood close against the wall.她緊挨著墻站著.
The police were watching him closely.警察在密切監(jiān)視他.
5.The bird is now flying quite low.鳥兒現(xiàn)在飛得非常低.
He bowed lowly before the queen.他謙恭地給女王鞠了一躬.
6.They had to dig deep to reach water.他們挖得很深才挖到水.
You have offended him deeply.你冒犯他可不輕.
7.Grace is holding tight to Paul.格雷斯緊緊地?fù)ПеＡ_.
The passengers were packed tightly in the train.火車車箱里擠滿了乘
客.
8.Mr.Cole tends to speak rather loud.科爾先生說話聲音總是很大.
Mr.Cole boasted loudly of his power.科爾先生大肆夸耀自己的權(quán)力.
（三）這類詞主要有slow,slowly；quick,quickly等等異形同義詞.當(dāng)
然,現(xiàn)代英語的語言規(guī)范性要求 用以-ly 結(jié)尾的副詞來修飾動(dòng)詞,但由于句子
結(jié)構(gòu)以及搭配的不同,使用時(shí)也具有不同的傾向性.在此,主要 探討一下在什
么情況下常使用不帶-ly的副詞形式.同時(shí),把第二類中一些適應(yīng)于下列規(guī)則
的詞也包括進(jìn)去.總的說來,傾向于使用不帶-ly副詞形式的情況大致有下列
四種：
Ⅰ 用作比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)時(shí)：
1.Allen was walking quickly,but George was walking evenquicker.
艾倫走得很快,但喬治走得更快 .
2.The men were quarreling loudly,but the policemenshouted louder.
那些人在大聲爭吵著,但 是警察喊叫得更響.
3.The car went slower and slower until it came to a stand still.
汽車走得越來越慢,最后停了下 來.
4.Let's see who can run quickest.我們來看看誰跑得最快.
5.We must look closer at the problem.我們必須更加仔細(xì)地查看這一問
題.
Ⅱ 有"so"或"too"修飾時(shí)：
1.It all happened so quick that I could do nothing.這一切發(fā)生得如
此之快以致于我手足無措無法 對(duì)付了.
2.It is impossible to overtake him; your car goes tooslow.不可能趕
上他了,你的車太慢了.
3.Don't talk so loud; the child is in bed now.別這樣大聲說話,孩子
已經(jīng)睡了.