分詞分為：過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞.即動詞加-ed或-ing
過去分詞,可用作表示過去發(fā)生的動作,如：I wrote a letter.我寫過一封信
現(xiàn)在分詞,可用作表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動作,如：I am writing a letter.我正在寫一封信
另外,兩種分詞可以用作狀語或引導(dǎo)狀語從句,如：
Giving the money back to him,I feel happy,我把錢還給他,我感覺高興
Given the money back to me,I feel happy.把錢給我（我被給）,我感到高興
現(xiàn)在分詞的基本功能. 1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,表示正在進(jìn)行的或主動的動作.也可以說明被修飾詞的性質(zhì)和特征,此時可換成相應(yīng)的定語從句.例如： ① There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light. ② He saw a flying bird and raised his bow. ③ I was satisfied with the exciting speech. 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時,可作時間、條件、結(jié)果、原因和伴隨狀語,表示正在進(jìn)行的或主動的動作.此時分詞的邏輯主語就是主句的主語,因此要注意人稱、時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一致性.例如： ① The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here. ② European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. ③Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful. 3. 現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語,表示正在進(jìn)行的或主動的動作.例如： ① Soon they could see the steam rising from the wet clothes. ② The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. 4. 現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語.例如： ① With his lips still trembling, he couldn't say a word. ②“ Mama! ” he cried suddenly, tears rolling down his cheeks. “媽媽!”他突然哭著喊,淚水從他的臉上流下來.（這里需要用現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) tears rolling down his cheeks 作狀語.） ③ Weather permitting, we'll go to the Great wall. 如果天氣允許的話,我們就去長城.（這里需要用現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) Weather permitting 作狀語.