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九年級英語復(fù)習(xí)---語法講解（1-7單元）
Unit1
By是個很常用的介詞（有時也用作副詞）,在初中英語中的用法有以下幾種： 1.意為“在……旁”、“靠近”.如： Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大樹下唱歌跳舞,有的在湖邊畫畫兒. 2.意為“不遲于”、“到……時為止”.如： Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的兒子在晚飯前會好的. How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上個學(xué)期末你們已經(jīng)學(xué)了多少首英語歌曲? 3.表示方法、手段,可譯作“靠”、“用”、“憑借”、“通過”、“乘坐”等.如： The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在樹上哈哈大笑. The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父親是那么的感激,于是他教愛迪生怎樣通過鐵路電報(bào)來傳達(dá)信息. 4.表示“逐個”、“逐批”的意思.如： One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他們一個一個得在黑暗中經(jīng)過這張桌子.5.表示“根據(jù)”、“按照”的意思.如：What time is it by your watch? 你的表幾點(diǎn)了? 6.和take , hold等動詞連用,說明接觸身體的某一部分.如： I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手. 7.用于被動句中,表示行為主體,常譯作“被”、“由”等.如： English is spoken by many people. 英語被許多人所說.（即“許多人講英語.”） 8.組成其它短語. 1) by the way : 意為“順便說”、“順便問一下”,常做插入語.如： By the way , where’s Li Ping , do you know?
順便問一下,李平在哪兒.你知道嗎? 2) by oneself : 意為“單獨(dú)”、“自行”.如： I can’t leave her by herself. 我不能把她單獨(dú)留下. 3) by and by : 意為“不久以后”、“不一會兒”.如： But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以后,越來越多的人開始學(xué)英語了.
二、動名詞的構(gòu)成動詞后加動名詞doing,相當(dāng)于名詞,在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語定語等.1）★作主語（這種用法?？迹?br/> Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方與北方開戰(zhàn)了.2）作賓語Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
請問你介意調(diào)小一點(diǎn)收音機(jī)的音量嗎?3）作表語Babysister’s job is washing,cooking and taking care of the children.保姆的工作是洗衣服,作飯和照看孩子.
Unit2
used to 的用法：（1）肯定句：used這個詞沒有人稱的變化,to后面接動詞原形.
否定句是didn’t use to….
When I was a child, I didn’t use to like apples.當(dāng)我還是孩子的時候我不喜歡蘋果.
疑問形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?當(dāng)你來這兒之前你住哪兒?
（2）含有used to 的句子的反意疑問句不要usedn’t + 主語,而用didn’t ＋ 主語.He used to smoke, didn’t he?　 他過去常常吸煙,是嗎?Yes, he did./ No, he didn’t. 　是的,他吸./ 不,他不吸.
（3）used to 表示過去的習(xí)慣動作, 而不是現(xiàn)在的.I am used to the weather here. 我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于這里的天氣了.He is used to hard work. 他習(xí)慣于艱苦的工作.
（4）used to 可以和be, have 以及其他狀態(tài)動詞連用,描寫過去的狀態(tài). I used to be a waiter, but now I’m a taxi-driver.我過去是一個服務(wù)員,但現(xiàn)在我是出租車司機(jī).
★ 本單元的許多運(yùn)用used to 的句子屬于描述過去的狀態(tài).Mario used to be short.　馬力奧過去總是很矮.Amy used to be outgoing.　愛米過去性格外向.Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜過去有一頭直的長頭發(fā).He used to wear black shoes. 他過去常穿黑鞋.
Unit3
本單元重點(diǎn)講到了被動語態(tài)的用法　　英語動詞的被動語態(tài)由助動詞be加及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成.助動詞be有時態(tài),人稱和數(shù)的變化,其變化規(guī)則與連系動詞be完全一樣.
 一、被動語態(tài)的句式變化： 以一般現(xiàn)在時和動詞invite為例,列表說明被動語態(tài)的句式變化：
二、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)總結(jié)如下： 　　被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)是由be的時態(tài)決定的,be是什么時態(tài),全句就是什么時態(tài),be動詞后面的過去分詞不變.　　一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)為：主＋am / is / are （not）＋過去分詞　　一般過去時的被動語態(tài)為：主＋was / were ＋過去分詞
例如：　　我們學(xué)過的was / were born 生于,就是一個被動語態(tài).　　born是個過去分詞（bear）　　－When were you born ? －I was born in 1989. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成為:主語＋is / am / are + being ＋過去分詞
現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成為:主語＋have / has ＋been ＋過去分詞
情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài):情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞
一般將來時的被動語態(tài):主語＋will ＋be ＋過去分詞
過去將來時的被動語態(tài):主語＋would / should + be ＋過去分詞
過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài):主語＋was / were + being ＋過去分詞
過去完成時的被動語態(tài):主語＋had + been +過去分詞
三、被動語態(tài)的用法：（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰,不用by＋動作執(zhí)行者短語 Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都廣泛地踢足球.
（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者,這時應(yīng)用by短語.The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午這家銀行遭到搶劫.
（3）作客觀說明時,常采用一種被動語態(tài)句型It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.
據(jù)報(bào)道美國大約二十名兒童死于流感.
四、主動語態(tài)的句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的方法是：　?。?）把原句中的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z　?。?）動詞改為被動形式,即be+過去分詞　　（3）原來的主語,如果需要的話,放在by后面,如果沒必要,可省略.　　請看下表:
主動語態(tài)\x09被動語態(tài)
They make trains in Zhuzhou． They use this key for locking the classroom door．Many people speak English．He wrote a letter．They are building a road．\x09Trains are made in Zhuzhou．This key is used for locking the classroom door(by them)．English is spoken by many people．A letter was written by him．A road is being built (by them)．
Unit4
虛擬語氣：如果我們所說的不是事實(shí),也不是要求、命令、勸告等,而只是一種假設(shè)、愿望、建議或是一種實(shí)現(xiàn)不了的空想就用虛擬語氣
注意：條件句分兩種,真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句.只有在虛擬（非真實(shí)）條件句中,才用虛擬語氣,而在真實(shí)條件句中,要用陳述語氣.
請比較：
（1）If it is sunny tomorrow , we’ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天氣好,我們將會去公園.在這句話中,明天天氣好是完全有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的,并非虛擬、幻想,因此是真實(shí)條件句.在本句中,適用“主將從現(xiàn).”
（2）If I were you , I would go at once.
（如果我是你的話,我立刻就走.）在這句話中,條件句,“如果我是你”,但事實(shí)上,我不可能成為你,這只是假設(shè)的情況,沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能.當(dāng)條件實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小,甚至可以說沒有時,就需要用虛擬語氣來表示,動詞發(fā)生了變化.
也就是說虛擬語氣表示和現(xiàn)實(shí)的事實(shí)相反時,從句用一般過時.
主句用 “should/would/could/ might +動詞原形.
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知識點(diǎn)2. He doesn’t know if he should bring a present.
此處if表示“是否”,引導(dǎo)賓語從句.Should此處表示“應(yīng)該”.不是虛擬語氣.
E.g.1. I don’t know if I should go to the party.
\x092.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知識點(diǎn)3.If I were you , I’d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣時,be動詞只能用were,而不能用was.
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知識點(diǎn)4. I don’t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… “如果……怎么辦?”相當(dāng)于 what would happen if…
E.g.What shall I do if it snows?
知識點(diǎn)5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻煩事 ,名詞
常用搭配 ：get (sb)into troubleget out of troublewhat’s the trouble
“if”引導(dǎo)的條件句.
\x09
\x09
Unit5
It must be--- (肯定是,100%)
It might/could be… (有可能,20-80%)
It can’t be…(肯定不是,0%)
\x09程度\x09肯定句\x09否定句\x09疑問句
must\x09★ ★ ★ ★\x09√\x09\x09
may\x09★ ★ ★\x09√\x09√\x09
might
/could\x09★ ★\x09√
√\x09
√\x09
√
can’t
can\x09★\x09\x09√\x09
√
1. --- Whose book is this?
--- It must be Mary’s.(肯定; 一定)
It must belong to Mary.
2. --- Whose French book is this?
--- It could be Ali’s. She studies French. (可能)
3. The hair band might belong to Linda.
might be Linda’s. (可能)
4. The T-shirt can’t be John’s. (不可能)
\x09It’s much too small for him.
練習(xí)：1. --- Whose pen is this?
\x09 --- It ____ Liu Mei because I saw heruse it the other day.
\x09 A. can’t be \x09B. might be\x09C. must belong to
\x092. That’s a piece of good news. They ___ glad to hear that.
\x09A. can be \x09B. might be\x09C. must beD. can’t be
\x093. Mary ______ be in Paris. I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.
\x09A. mustn’t\x09B. shouldn’t\x09C. can’tD. may not
Unit6
定語從句
1. who 指人,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A personwho steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作賓語 (作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略, 如介詞提前則不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）
A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
\x09↓
The scientist Øwe met yesterday is very famous in the world.
who
whom
that
The dress is new.She is wearing it.
\x09↓
The dressthatshe is wearing is new.
which
Ø
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.
\x09↓
He is the kind personthatI have ever worked with.
who
whom
Ø
This is the best film.I have ever seen this film.
\x09↓
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ø
在選擇引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞時,有如下要點(diǎn)：
1 由于關(guān)系代詞在主句與從句間既起到聯(lián)系作用,又在從句中充當(dāng)一個成分,因此, 要正確判斷關(guān)系代詞在從句中的功能,如作主語還是賓語等.
2 當(dāng)先行詞指人時,關(guān)系代詞可用who（做主語,賓語）,that（做主語,賓語）,whom（作賓語）,whose（作定語）
3 當(dāng)先行詞指物時,關(guān)系代詞可用that（做主語,賓語）,which（做主語,賓語）
4 再定語從句中,作賓語的關(guān)系代詞長可省略,但在介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略.指人時,介詞后只用whom,指物時,介詞后只用which.
5 在非限制性定語從句中,指人時,只用who,指物時,只用which.
1．定語從句中that與who、which的區(qū)別
 
2．定語從句中關(guān)系詞的省略
 
 典型例題
1. The first job ________I found was to be a cleaner.
A. where     B. why      C. which     D. that
解析：指事物的先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時,只能用關(guān)系代詞that.故本題的正確答案是D.
2. I don’t think history is as interesting as English.（改為同義詞）
I think history is ___________ interesting _________ English.
解析：答案是：less; than.意思是“我認(rèn)為歷史不如英語有趣”.
3. The woman who is wearing the hat is my mother.（改為同義句）
The woman ________ the hat is my mother.
解析：讀題后可知：上句含義是“戴帽子的那個婦女旭我的媽媽”,對應(yīng)下句,可知空格處應(yīng)填“戴”,故正確答案是in.
選擇填空
1. The poor boy ________ lost both his parents last year is called Mike．
A．which    B．what    C．who    D．／
2. The bridge ________ has been there for nearly fifty years still looks nice．
A．which    B．what    C．／    D．who
3. I’m one of the students _______well in English in my class．
A．who does     B．who do     C．which does    D．who did
4. Is this factory ________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A．that     B．where     C．which     D．the one
5. All______ they have done is good for us．
A．what    B．which    C．why    D．that
Unit7
表達(dá)意愿的幾個基本句子
a. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
b. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
c. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
d. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
答案：a. I hope to     b. I’d like to     c. I’d love to      d. I want to
She would like to go to New York. （對劃線部分提問）
答案：Where would she like to go?
注意：where在本句中為副詞,go后面不能再加to,而Which city would she like to go to? 中which為代詞.
九年級英語復(fù)習(xí)---語法講解(Units8-15)
Unit8
1、短語動詞小結(jié)
常見短語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)有下面幾種：
1.動詞+副詞 如：give up 放棄 turn off 關(guān)掉 stay up 熬夜
\x09這種結(jié)構(gòu)有時相當(dāng)于及物動詞,如果其賓語是代詞,就必須放在動詞和副詞之間,如果是名詞,則既可插在動詞和副詞之間,也可放在短語動詞后.
\x092. 動詞+介詞 如：listen of 聽 look at 看 belong to 屬于
\x09 這種結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于及物動詞,后面跟賓語.
\x093. 動詞+副詞+介詞 如：come up with 提出,想出 run out of 用完,耗盡
4. 動詞+名詞(介詞) 如：take part in參加 catch hold of 抓住
2、倒裝句
not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用來連接兩個并列的成分
\x09(1)引導(dǎo)以 not only …but (also)… 開頭的句子往往引起部分倒裝.
\x09因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒裝句.也是說得要
\x09把前面的句子中的助動詞或者是情態(tài)動詞放在主語的前面.如：
\x09①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best.我不僅能做到而且做得最好.
\x09⑵Not only…but (also)… 接兩主語時,謂語動詞隨后面的主語人稱和數(shù)的變化 也就是就近原則 如：
\x09①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不僅莉莉而且你也喜歡貓.
\x09②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不僅你而且莉莉喜歡貓.
\x09常見的就近原則的結(jié)構(gòu)有：
\x09 Neither… nor…即不…也不… (兩者都不)
\x09Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜歡他.
\x09 Either… or… 不是…就是… (兩者中的一個)
\x09 Either Lily or you are a student.
\x09 Not only …but (also)…
\x09 There be