關(guān)于語音的幾個概念
1)字母：語言的書寫形式.元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,
2)音標(biāo)：詞的語音形式.
3)音素：音的最小的單位.英語中有48音素.
4)音節(jié)：由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位.ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand
5)元音：發(fā)音響亮,是樂音；口腔中氣流不收阻礙；是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音.英語中有20元音.
6)輔音：發(fā)音不響亮,是噪音；口腔中氣流受到阻礙；不是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音.英語中有28輔音.
7)開音節(jié)：a) 輔音+元音+輔音+e name bike home due; b) 輔音+元音 he, go, hi
8)閉音節(jié)：a) 輔音+元音+輔音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+輔音it
9)重讀音節(jié)：單詞中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié).
2. 元音：(注意：下面空方括號是電腦無法輸入的音標(biāo))
1) [i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling
2) [i] sit, build, miss, myth
3) [e] bed, desk, head,
4) [ ] bad, land, bank, stamp
5) [a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt
6) [ ] hot, want
7) [] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught
8) [u:] good, who, blue, soup,
9) [u] look, put, women, could
10) [ ] cup, come, blood, rough
11) [ ] girl, work, serve, nurse
12) [ ] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday
13) [ei] cake, they, play, eight, great,
14) [ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye
15) [] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow
16) [au] house, town
17) [] boy, oil
18) [] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,
19) [] pear, care, there, fair
20) [] tour, poor,
3. 容易混淆的元音
1) [e] [] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land
2) [i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid
3) [e] [AI] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide
4) [au] [] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause
5) [au] [ ] found fond; gown gone; down don
4. 輔音
1) [p] pen,
2) [b] bed, comb
3) [t] tell,
4) [d], day, played, wanted
5) [k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box
6) [g] big, go, guess, language
7) [m] man
8) [n] nine, knife, autumn
9) [ ] bank, uncle, English, sing,
10) [l] land, world
11) [r] read, write,
12) [f] five, cough, laugh
13) [v] voice, of
14) [ ] think,
15) [ ] this, bathe
16) [s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf
17) [z] zoo, close,
18) [ ] sure, she, social, nation
19) [ ] pleasure,
20) [h] hot, who, hour
21) [w] wall, what, answer
22) [j] yes
23) [] child, teach, catch
24) [] joke, bridge,
25) [ts] boats
26) [dz] goods
27) [tr] tree
28) [dr] dream
5. 容易混淆的輔音
1)[v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well
2)[s] [ ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math
3)[z] [ ] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes
4)[n] [ ] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang

6. 讀音規(guī)則
1)重讀音節(jié)(見元音和輔音的例句)
2)非重讀音節(jié) [ ] banana, student, today, after, [i] orange, secret, evening, very, Monday
7. 特殊讀音
1）音的連讀：前面的詞以元輔音結(jié)尾,后面的單詞以元音開頭,這樣結(jié)尾的輔音要和開頭的元音連讀.例如：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all
2）失去爆破：輔音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等,前面的輔音要失去爆破.例如：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme
3）音的同化：兩個特殊的音碰到一起,會發(fā)出變異成特殊的音.例如：Would you do it? I am glad to meet you. Can't you see it? last year, this year,

8. 重音
1)單詞重音
A)雙音節(jié)詞
a)一般在第一個音節(jié)重讀.letter, sorry
b)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前綴的詞,第二個音節(jié)是重音.a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss,im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late
c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre-等前綴的重音與詞義和詞類有關(guān), 一般名詞的重音在第一個音節(jié)上,其它的詞性在第二個音節(jié)上.'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent
d)有些復(fù)合詞和帶有前綴 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的詞,有兩個重音.'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war
B)多音節(jié)詞
a)一般倒數(shù)第三個音節(jié)是重音.'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.
b)有一些雙音節(jié)詞,加了前綴和后綴成了多音節(jié),但這些詞按原來詞根的重音讀音.'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment,
c)詞尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后綴的詞,重音在這些后綴的前一個音節(jié)上.cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective
d)詞尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后綴的詞,重音在該后綴上,而且有一個次重音.enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette
2)句子重音
A) 英語的節(jié)奏：（輕）-輕-重-輕-（輕）或重-輕-（輕）（輕）重
B) 英語句子的長短：是由句子中的重讀詞的數(shù)目決定的,而不是象漢語那樣由句子中的漢字?jǐn)?shù)目決定的.
C) 實詞重讀（副詞重讀）,虛詞輕讀(冠詞,單音節(jié)介詞,單音節(jié)連詞,人稱代詞,反代詞,物主代詞,關(guān)系代詞,相互代詞,助動詞,情態(tài)動詞和系動詞be
D) 實詞不重讀的特殊情況
a) 實詞第二次出現(xiàn) He thinks of that as a child thinks.
b)一個名詞被第二個名詞修飾 I met her in the railway station.
c) 代替詞 Which book do you want? The small one.
d)感嘆詞中的 what 和how What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!
e) street 在專有名詞中 Wangfujing Street.
f)this在這些短語中,this morning/afternoon/evening
E)虛詞重讀的特殊情況
a) 情態(tài)動詞,助動詞和系動詞be在句首,句尾和否定時.Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can.I don't like you. He isn't a worker.
b) 情態(tài)動詞表示可能,驚奇和肯定時.They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room.
c) 介詞在句首和句尾.In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.
d) 引導(dǎo)復(fù)合句的連詞在句首.If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him.
e)反身代詞表示強調(diào).He couldn't come himself.