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The Scatter class shown in Listing 5.7 calculates the trajectories by expressing the
equation of motion as a rate equation. The most important method is calcul ateTrajectory, which calculates a trajectory by stepping the differential equation solver and adding the resulting data to a trail to display the path. Because the beam source is far away, we stop the calculation when the distance of the scattered particle from the target exceeds the initial distance. Note the use of the ternary ?: operator. This very efficient and compact operator uses three expressions. The first expression evaluates to a boolean. If this expression is true, then the statement after the ? is executed. If this expression is false, then the statement after the : is executed. However, because some potentials may trap particles for long periods of time, we also stop the calculation after a predetermined number of time steps.