英語五大基本句型及練習
基本概念：與漢語相似,英語句子是由主語(subject),謂語動詞(verb),賓語(object),表語(predicative),狀語(adverbial),賓語補足語(object complement)等成分組成,按照這些成分的組合方式英語句子可分為五種基本句型.
句型一：主語+不及物動詞
不及物動詞本身就可以表達完整的意念,不需要賓語及補語,但有時可有副詞,介詞短語等狀語修飾語.
e.g.The rain stopped .
The old man walks in the park .
句型一的擴展：1.主語+不及物動詞+狀語
e.g.The machine works smoothly.(機器運轉(zhuǎn)正常.)
2.There +不及物動詞+主語
e.g.There is some milk in the bottle .
There comes the bus .
3.主語+不及物動詞+ 動詞不定式
e.g.They stopped to take a short rest .(他們停下來稍作休息)
特別提醒
動詞stop 可用作不及物動詞,也可用作及物動詞.作不及物動詞時,通常后接動詞不定式,表示停下來的目的是做另一件事.作及物動詞時,通常后接動名詞,表示停止做這件事.
e.g.They stopped taking a rest .
句型二：主語+系動詞+表語
系動詞本身不能表達完整的意念沒,需要形容詞,名詞,介詞短語等來補充說明主語,也叫主語補語.
e.g.My sister is a nurse .
I feel quite hungry .
The ball is under the desk .
句型三：主語+及物動詞+賓語
及物動詞本身需要一個動作的接受者（賓語）,才可以表達一個完整的意念.
e.g.We are learning English .
Do you know him
Your radio needs repairing .
She hopes to see her uncle.
句型四：主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語
有些及物動詞需要兩個賓語才能表達一個完整意念.
e.g.Her mother bought her a skirt.
Give me the book,please.
特別提醒
A.在此句型中,通常是間接賓語（人）在前,直接賓語（物）在后,有時直接賓語和間接賓語可以對調(diào),這時間接賓語前應加上適當?shù)慕樵~.
e.g.Her mother bought a skirt for her .
Give the book to me ,please .
直接賓語與間接賓語對調(diào)時,間接賓語前加介詞to的動詞有：give(給),tell(告訴) ,lend(借給) ,sell(賣),teach(教) ,send(寄給),write(寫給),show(出示) ,return(還給),bring(帶給),pass(遞給),leave(留給),offer(提供),hand(交給)
間接賓語前加介詞for的動詞有：buy(買),choose(選擇),get (弄到),make(做),order(訂購),sing (唱歌),do (做),play(演奏)
B.如果直接賓語為人稱代詞那么必須把直接賓放在間接賓語前,且間接賓語前要加上適當?shù)慕樵~.
e.g.I handed it to our teacher .
不能說：I handed our teacher it .
C.此句型變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,可分為兩種情況.
e.g.Her mother bought her a skirt .
a.She was bought a skirt by her mother .
b.A skirt was bought for her by her mother.
句型五：主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語
及物動詞本身需要一個賓語外,還需要一個名詞,形容詞,副詞,動詞不定式,分詞來補充說明賓語,才能表達一個完整的意念.
e.g.We elected Li Yang our monitor.
The news made us sad.
She saw the thief steal into the shop .
The teacher asked me to answer the question .
I found the man stealing the money .
I found my money stolen .
特別提醒
A.現(xiàn)在分詞為賓語補足語時,賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主動關系；過去分詞為賓語補足語時,賓語與過去分詞之間是被動關系.
B.在let(讓),make(使得),have（請,讓,使得）,see(看),hear(聽到),watch(觀看),feel(感覺到),listen to (傾聽),look at (看到),notice(注意到)等動詞后的賓語補足語如果為不定式,則省掉”to”,但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,則要帶”to”.
e.g.We hear her sing next door.
She is heard to sing next door .
C.此句型變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,只有一種情況.
e.g.They saw him steal the old man’s money.
He was seen to steal the old man’s money .
其實有些書上說是七種基本句型,另外兩個是在后面加了其他成分,總的來說,這五種基本類型是最基礎的.