一、
賓語補(bǔ)足語是用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語的,e.g I have guests coming(coming在這里就是賓語補(bǔ)足語,跟在賓語guests 后面,此句的謂語是Have).賓語補(bǔ)足語可以是動詞不定式,不定式短語,動名詞短語,現(xiàn)在分詞.
比如說：
I'm going to paint it pink.
句子中的it顯然是賓語.但是主語將要做的并不是it,而是paint it pink.pink 是句子中的賓語補(bǔ)足語.它和賓語之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,也就是說從邏輯上來講,是執(zhí)行了paint的動作.
句子中的pink是形容詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語.能夠充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的還有賓語補(bǔ)足語的大致有：不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞,形容詞,副詞,介賓短語等.一般情況下,賓補(bǔ)通常緊跟在賓語之后.
比如：
I find learning English difficult.(difficult是形容詞做賓補(bǔ)）
I saw the kite up and down.（up and down是副詞做賓補(bǔ)）
Tom made the girl cry.(cry是省略不定式符號to的動詞不定式）
*常跟復(fù)合賓語的動詞有：call,name,make,think,find,leave,keep,nominate(任命),choose,elect(選舉),define(定義),regard,see,recognize,treat,take,consider,look up,refer to,accept,acknowledge,describe,depict(描述),represent(表現(xiàn)出),declare(宣稱),denounce,employ(雇傭),use,show,organize,express
二、
補(bǔ)語是來進(jìn)一步說明主語和賓語的.
1）主語的補(bǔ)語
它用在系動詞后,是句子的一個基本成分.常用主－系－表結(jié)構(gòu).
1.I saw her with them,at least,I thought it was her.
我看到她和他們在一起,至少,至少我認(rèn)為是她.（her做賓 語,them做介詞賓語,her做主語補(bǔ)語）
2..-- Who broke the vase?--誰打碎了花瓶?
-- Me.--我.（me做主語補(bǔ)語= It's me.）
3.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.（she做主語補(bǔ)語）
約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗,還真是她.
2）賓語的補(bǔ)語
1.不定式(to do)
Father will not allow us to play on the street.父親不讓我們在街上玩耍.
We believe him to be guilty.我們相信他是有罪的.
We made him copy the sentence.
He is made to copy the sentence.
I felt my hands tremble.
2.名詞
At the meeting we elected him monitor.
I think your brother a clever boy.
3.形容詞
What you said made Xiao Wang angry.
I found the classroom empty
4.副詞
Please call the students back at once.
He was seen to take his cap off.
5.現(xiàn)在分詞
We hear him singing in the hall.
I found him lying in bed,sleeping.
6.過去分詞
He saw his face reflected in the water.
I heard it spoken of in the next room.