involve
vt.[W]
1. 使卷入,連累;牽涉[(+in/with)]
That's no concern of mine. I'm not involved.
那與我無關(guān),我未卷入.
Don't involve me in your quarrel!
不要把我牽扯進(jìn)你們的爭吵中!
2. 需要,包含,意味著[(+in)][+v-ing]
His work involves occasional journeys.
他的工作偶爾需要出差旅行.
3. 使專注,使忙于[(+in)]
He was involved in writing his doctoral dissertation.
他在聚精會(huì)神地寫他的博士論文.
contain
vt.[W]
1. 包含;容納
The jar contains ten glasses of water.
這只大口瓶能裝十杯水.
The pill contains vitamins.
這藥丸中含有多種維生素.
2. 控制,遏制
I could not contain my laughter.
我無法控制自己不笑出聲來.
3. 相當(dāng)于
A gallon contains four quarts.
一加侖相當(dāng)于四夸脫.
4. 【數(shù)】可被...除盡
10 contains 5 and 2.
十可被五和二除盡.
include
vt.
1. 包括,包含[W][+v-ing]
The price includes both house and furniture.
價(jià)錢包括房子和家具.
2. 算入,包含于...里面
I include him among my friends.
我把他當(dāng)作朋友.
contain 包含以作為整體的全部（需列舉所有事物）
include 包含以作為整體的部分（不需要列舉所有事物）
involve: 必須包含某種結(jié)果,牽涉,包含
include 和contain都指具體的物質(zhì)的實(shí)體和它們的各部分,involve側(cè)重于非實(shí)體的事物及要素.