連系動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ),必須與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ).
表語(yǔ)通常由名詞、形容詞,或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng),說明主語(yǔ)是什么或怎么樣.
一、 連系動(dòng)詞的類型有：
1. "存在"類:表示存在或具有某種特征或狀態(tài).這類連系動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)"存在".常見的有:be(是),look(看起來),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、顯得),prove(證明是),smell(聞起來),taste(嘗起來),sound(聽起來)等.例如:
The story sounds true.
Those oranges taste good.
2. "持續(xù)"類:表示某種情況或狀態(tài)的持續(xù).這類連系動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)"持續(xù)".常見的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(繼續(xù)、仍舊),stand(處于某狀況或情形)等.例如:
Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.
It's already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. What's the matter?
3. "變化"類:表示由一種情況或狀態(tài)變化成另一種情況或狀態(tài).這類連系動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)"變化"后的情況或狀態(tài).常見的有:become(變成), turn(變成), grow(變得), go(變得)等.例如:
Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.
二、注意事項(xiàng)
1. 有些連系動(dòng)詞通常不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中.如:feel, taste等詞.例如:
-Do you like the material?
-Yes, it feels very soft.
2. 一般情況下,連系動(dòng)詞主要跟形容詞或分詞作表語(yǔ).例如:
Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car.
3. 能跟名詞作表語(yǔ)的連系動(dòng)詞常見的有:be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain和turn等.注意:turn后跟(表示主語(yǔ)身份的)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),不加冠詞.例如:
Twenty years later, he turned teacher.
The population growth in China remains a problem.
4. 連系動(dòng)詞也可跟不定式(to do / to be),常見的有:appear, seem, remain, prove, look等.例如:
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.
On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time.