一、 全部倒裝
全部倒裝是指將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前.全部倒裝的句子通常只用一般現(xiàn)在時和過去時.
1、 Here,There,Now,Then等副詞放在句首時,句子要全部倒裝,謂語動詞常用come,go,be,lie,run等.例如：
① There comes the bus!
② Now comes your turn.
2、 表示方位的副詞或介詞短語置于句首時,句子要全部倒裝,句中的謂語動詞是come,go等表示運動的動詞.
① The door opened and in came the headmaster.
② Up and up went the prices.
③ High flew the plane.
注意：
① 上述全部倒裝句中主語如為人稱代詞,應(yīng)放在動詞前面.
Here comes Mr.Lee.
Here he comes.
Auay went the students.
Auay they went.
② 有時為了句子的平衡或強調(diào),將表語置于句首,也屬于全部倒裝.
例如：Gone are the days when we used the foreign oil.
二、 部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指將謂語動詞的一部分如助動或情態(tài)動詞置于主語之前.
1、 否定副詞如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,以及含有no,not的短語放在句首時,句子要部分倒裝.
① Never in my life have I heard such a thing.
② Little did we expect that he could come.
③ Not a single word did he say at the meeting.
④ By no means should we do like this.
注意：如上述句子中的否定副詞不置于句首時,句子結(jié)構(gòu)不倒裝.
2、 以否定詞開頭的關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)
注意：No sooner…than…,Hardly/scarcely…when…,Not only…but also,Not until…
① Not until late in the evening did he come back.
② Hardly had he got on the bus when he heard a shout.
③ Not only did he buy a bike for me but he also sent it to my house.
注意：No sooner…than…；hardly…when；not only…but also這類句型,只將前半部分倒裝,后半部分用正常語序.
3、 當(dāng)only置于句首修飾狀語時,句子要部分倒裝.
① Only in this way can we learn English well.
② Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.
4、 so,neither,nor在句首表示“也”或“也不”句子要部分倒裝.
① Tom is very kind.So am I.
② I like English.So does Jack.
③ I can’t speak English.Nor/Neither can he.
注意：so 后主、謂語不倒裝表示前面所述內(nèi)容的肯定、確定.
試比較：
Tom is very kind.So am I.(兩個人,一樣情形)
Tom is very kind.So he is.（一個人,一種情形）
湯姆非常和藹.他就是如此.
5、 由as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,從句形成倒裝.
① Child as he was,he could speak five languages.
② Hard as he work,you can’t support your family.
③ Try as you do,you will ever win.
注意:表語為單數(shù)名詞時,不定冠詞“a”應(yīng)被省去.
She–maker as he was,he was very happy.
6、 so…that/such…that句型中so,such 位于句首時,句子要部分倒裝.
① So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
7、 省略了if 的虛擬條件從句中,主謂形成了部分倒裝（虛擬語氣的條件句中,省略 if 后,had,were,should等應(yīng)提前）
① Had you told me earlier,I could have done something .
② Should anyone call,tell him to call in the afternoon.
③ Were I you,I would try it again.