用疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句叫做特殊疑問(wèn)句.回答特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)不能用yes或no.用降調(diào).為了便于理解、掌握特殊疑問(wèn)句,我們把疑問(wèn)詞分為三類(lèi)：
疑問(wèn)代詞：what,who,Which,whose,whom
疑問(wèn)副詞：when,where,why,how
疑問(wèn)形容詞：what（which,whose）+名詞
1 疑問(wèn)代詞的用法
1.what引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句
此類(lèi)疑問(wèn)句可以對(duì)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn).
a.對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)
What is in your pocket?
你口袋里有什么?
☆這個(gè)問(wèn)題可以有兩種回答：
a：There is an egg in it.
在口袋里有一個(gè)蛋.
b：An egg is（in it）.
一個(gè)蛋（在里面）.
What's in the room?
屋子里有什么?
There are a lot of chairs in it.
=A 1ot of chairs are in it.有許多椅子.
注意
回答此句型的問(wèn)題時(shí),答句的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定.
b.對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)
What did you buy?你買(mǎi)了什么?
I bought a bike.我買(mǎi)了輛自行車(chē).
c.對(duì)表語(yǔ)提問(wèn)
What is this?這是什么?
It's a bench.這是一條長(zhǎng)凳.
What is your mother?你媽媽是干什么的?
注意
What is+人?此句型是問(wèn)人的職業(yè),一般譯為“是干什么的?”
She is a teacher.她是個(gè)老師.
2.Who,whom,whose引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句
此類(lèi)疑問(wèn)句可以對(duì)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn).
Who broke the window?（對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)）
☆who可以對(duì)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)提問(wèn).whom是who的賓格,對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn),但在口語(yǔ)中who可以代替whom.
誰(shuí)打破了窗戶?
Li Ming did.李明打破的.
Who is that woman?（對(duì)表語(yǔ)提問(wèn)）
那個(gè)女人是誰(shuí)?
She is my mother.她是我媽媽.（關(guān)系）
或者：She is Rose.她是羅思.（姓名）
注意
Who is+人?是詢問(wèn)某人的姓名或與人關(guān)系的問(wèn)句.與What is+人?（問(wèn)人的職業(yè)）不同.
Whose is this umbrella?這傘是誰(shuí)的?
This umbrella is my sister's.
這傘是我姐姐的.
注意
whose之后如果沒(méi)有名詞時(shí),表示“誰(shuí)的（東西）……”.
Which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句此類(lèi)疑問(wèn)句可以對(duì)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn).
Which is Tom's?（對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)）哪個(gè)是湯姆的?
This is his.這是他的.
Which does he want?（對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)）
他想要哪一個(gè)?
He wants the green one.他想要那個(gè)綠色的.
注意
疑問(wèn)詞what,who,which在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),語(yǔ)序是陳述句語(yǔ)序.
2 疑問(wèn)形容詞的用法
what,which,whose后面跟上名詞時(shí),這三個(gè)疑問(wèn)詞起形容詞作用.
What sports do you like?（對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)）
你喜歡什么運(yùn)動(dòng)?
I like basketball.我喜歡籃球.
Whose pens are these?（對(duì)表語(yǔ)提問(wèn)）
這些是誰(shuí)的鋼筆?
They are Li Ming's.這些是李明的.
Whose father died two years ago?（對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)）
兩年前誰(shuí)的父親死了?
Which picture did you take?（對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)）
哪一張照片是你拍的?
I took the one on the right.
右邊的那一張是我拍的.
3 疑問(wèn)副詞的用法
句型：疑問(wèn)副詞+一般疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序～
（疑問(wèn)副詞在句中作狀語(yǔ),所以它們不可能對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)）
1.when引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句：詢問(wèn)時(shí)間
When were you born?你何時(shí)出生?
（I was born）on June 5,1962.
我是1962年6月5日出生的.
注意
when引起的疑問(wèn)句,都可用簡(jiǎn)略式回答,只回答出時(shí)間就可以了.
When will you go to Japan?你什么時(shí)候去日本?
（I'll go there）next year.我明年去那兒.
☆when問(wèn)的是具體時(shí)間,所以不能和完成時(shí)連用.
（×）When have you been here?
（○）How long have you been here?
你呆在這里有多久了?
（○）When did you come here?
你什么時(shí)候來(lái)這里的?
2.where引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句：詢問(wèn)地點(diǎn)、場(chǎng)所
Where do you live?你住在哪兒?
（I live in）Beijing.（可以簡(jiǎn)略回答出地點(diǎn)）
我住在北京.
Where are you going?你準(zhǔn)備去什么地方?
I am going to Japan.我準(zhǔn)備去日本.
3.why引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句：詢問(wèn)原因
它的回答只能用because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句.
Why are you late?你為什么遲到?
Because I met the accident.
因?yàn)槲矣錾宪?chē)禍了.
Why didn't you see the movie?
Why did you not see the movie?
你為什么不去看那部電影?
Because I had seen it before.
因?yàn)槲乙呀?jīng)看過(guò)了.
4.how引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句：可分為兩類(lèi)
a."How…?"how可單獨(dú)地置于疑問(wèn)句的句首.
詢問(wèn)如何地做某事即做某事的方法、手段及健康、天氣……
How do you go to school?（問(wèn)方式）
I go to school by bus.我坐公共汽車(chē).
How are you?（問(wèn)健康）你身體怎樣?
I'm fine.Thank you!我很好.
How is the weather today?（問(wèn)天氣）
今天天氣如何?
It's cloudy.今天多云.
b：How +形容詞（副詞）～