獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（Independent Genitive）有兩部分組成,前一部份是名詞或者代詞,后一部分是非謂語動(dòng)詞(不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞)或形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語.前后兩部分具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中做狀語,多用于書面語.
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)本身不是句子,在句子中作狀語,表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨等.
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于描繪性文字中,其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句,常用來表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等.例如：
表示時(shí)間
The meeting being over, all of us went home. 開完會(huì)后我們都回家了.
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活,坐下來喝茶.

表示條件
The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若條件有利,他或許能成功.
表示伴隨情況
Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 幾乎所有的金屬都是良導(dǎo)體,而銀則是最好的導(dǎo)體.(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.)
用法
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要表示謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句或并列句.
用作時(shí)間狀語
The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后,我們就回家了.

用作條件狀語
Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天氣允許的話,他們將在明天組織一次海濱小游.

用作原因狀語
An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因?yàn)槊魈煲l(fā)表一個(gè)重要的演講,教授不得不熬夜到很晚.

用作伴隨狀語
He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上,兩手交叉枕在腦后.

表示補(bǔ)充說明
We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我們加倍努力,一個(gè)人干兩個(gè)人的活.
*注：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表示時(shí)間、條件或原因時(shí),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句,一般放在句首,表示原因時(shí)還可放在句末；表伴隨狀況或補(bǔ)充說明時(shí),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句,通特點(diǎn)
1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同,它獨(dú)立存在.
2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞,形容詞,副詞,不定 式,介詞等是主謂關(guān)系.
3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與主句分開.
舉例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考試結(jié)束了,我們開始放假.
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
總統(tǒng)被謀殺了,舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中.
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天氣允許,我們明天去看你.
This done, we went home.
工作完成后,我們才回家.
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
會(huì)議結(jié)束后,每個(gè)人都想早點(diǎn)回家.
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里,耳朵凍壞了.
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夾著本厚書,走出了圖書館
注：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可在其前加上介詞with.
如：Don’t sleep with the windows open. 別開著窗睡覺.
He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上.
She came in with a book in her hand. 她手里拿著一本書走了進(jìn)來.
He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他沒熄燈就睡著了.
I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因?yàn)閶寢層胁?我無法去度假.
He sat there with his eyes closed. 他閉目坐在那兒.
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整個(gè)下午他都鎖著門在房里工作.
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗這些衣服,我無法出去了.
常放于句末.
注意事項(xiàng)
1.獨(dú)立主格與狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語不是指同一個(gè)對象時(shí),可用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)取代狀語從句,但不再保留連詞.如：After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下課后,學(xué)生很快離開了課室.
2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列兩種情況下,獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being（或having been）不能省略.
(1) 獨(dú)立主格的邏輯主語是代詞時(shí).如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因?yàn)槭切瞧谔?我們?nèi)チ俗龆Y拜.
(2)在There being＋名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中.如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因?yàn)闆]有公共汽車,所以我們不得不步行回家.
3. 通常不用物主代詞或冠詞在“名詞（或代詞）＋介詞短語”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中,一般不用形容詞性物主代詞和冠詞.如： Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯小姐走進(jìn)了課室,手里拿著一本書.比較with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu).如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in her hand.
4. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主編來了,我們開始開會(huì).(比較動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu).)
[編輯本段]示例
請看下面一道題：
Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.
A. its B. whose C. which D. that
【分析】此題很容易誤選B,許多同學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)為句中逗號后是一個(gè)非限制性的定語從句,whose 在定語從句中用作定語修飾其后的名詞 owner.此分析從表面上看,似乎天衣無縫,但實(shí)質(zhì)上是錯(cuò)的,原因是空格后根本不是一個(gè)句子,因?yàn)闆]有謂語.盡管句中有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞,但它們都是非謂語動(dòng)詞.也許有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為,其中的 seated 可視為謂語動(dòng)詞,但是注意,seat 用作動(dòng)詞時(shí),它總是及物的,其后要么接賓語,要么它就用于被動(dòng)語態(tài),所以若在 seated 前加上助動(dòng)詞 is,則可以選擇B（當(dāng)然若將 seated 改為sitting,也應(yīng)選擇B）.所以此題最佳答案選A.
請?jiān)倏匆粋€(gè)類似的例子：
(1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages.
A. it B. them C.which D. that
(2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that
第(1)應(yīng)選B,而不能選C,是因?yàn)榫渲械?translated 是過去分詞(非謂語動(dòng)詞),若選C,則該從句無謂語；第(2)應(yīng)選C,該句是典型的非限制性定語從句,因?yàn)樵摼湫揎椀氖乔懊娴膎ovels,即指物,所以只能用which做of的賓語,故本題選C.
再請看下面一例：
(3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.
A. it B. them C. which D. that
【分析】此題與上面的第(2)題不同,兩句間多了一個(gè)并列連詞and,說明這是一個(gè)并列句,故應(yīng)選B,則不能選C.