獨立主格結構有兩部分組成,前一部份是名詞或者代詞,后一部分是非謂語動詞或其他的一些詞.前后兩部分具有邏輯主謂關系.獨立主格結構在句中做狀語,多用于書面語. 獨立主格結構本身不是句子,在句子中作狀語,表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨等.常見的獨立主格結構有如下幾種：1. 名詞/主格代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞.名詞/主格代詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間主謂關系.如：The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say. 姑娘兩眼望著他,他不知道說什么好.Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果時間允許的話,我們明天去郊游.2. 名詞/主格代詞+過去分詞.名詞/主格代詞與過去分詞之間的動賓關系.如：The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 隨著問題的解決,質量已經(jīng)提高了.Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn”t see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼鏡摔壞了,她看不見黑板上的字. 3. 名詞/主格代詞+不定式.名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是主謂關系,且強調的是一次具體性的動作.如：He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些舊零件,他要做一個飛機模型.They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他們道別后,一個回了家,一個去了書店.4. 名詞/主格代詞+形容詞.如：An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飛機遭遇了空難,無一人生還.So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 這么多人缺席,會議不得不取消.5. 名詞/主格代詞+副詞.如：He put on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了.The meeting over, they all went home. 會議一結束,他們就都回家了. 6. 名詞/主格代詞+介詞短語.如：The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿著書去教室.Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 瑪麗靠近火爐坐著,背對著門.獨立主格結構的特點： 1）獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同,它獨立存在. 2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞,形容詞,副詞,不定 式,介詞等是主謂關系. 3）獨立主格結構一般有逗號與主句分開. 舉例： The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考試結束了,我們開始放假.The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 總統(tǒng)被謀殺了,舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天氣允許,我們明天去看你. This done, we went home.工作完成后,我們才回家. The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.會議結束后,每個人都想早點回家. He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里,耳朵凍壞了.He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夾著本厚書,走出了圖書館 伴隨狀語出現(xiàn)的條件是由一個主語發(fā)出兩個動作或同一個生語處于兩種狀態(tài),或同一個主語發(fā)出一個動作時又伴隨有某一種狀態(tài).伴隨狀語的邏輯主語一般情況下必須是全句的生語,伴隨狀語與謂語動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)是同時發(fā)生的.伴隨狀語可以有以下幾種表示方法： 一、使用分詞形式 The dog entered the room, following his master(這條狗跟著主人進了屋). The master entered the room,followed by his dog(主人進了屋,后面跟著他的狗). 二、用with復合結構 The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red(小女孩們在玩雪,手都凍紅了). The workers went out of work, talking and laughing all the way(工人們下班了,一路有說有笑). 三、用獨立主格結構 Last year I came here by climbing over the wall, sword in hand. The little boy goes to school, the little dog accompanying him every day(這小孩每天去上學,那條小狗陪伴著他). 四、用形容詞 Crusoe went home, full of fear(克魯索滿懷恐懼地回家). Confident of the victory the players are fighting hard(運動員們對比賽奪勝滿懷信心奮力拼搏). The match will be broadcast live(這場比賽將作實況轉播). He left home young and came back old(他少小離家老大回). 五、用名詞 He went away a beggar but retumed a millionaire(他討吃要飯離家,腰纏萬貫回歸). He who had been twice prime minister of the country, died civilian(他曾兩度出任這個國家的總理,而死的時候卻是一個平民). 六、用介詞短語 The girl came back to her mother in tears.(這女孩眼淚汪汪地回到母親身邊). How can you go to the wedding party in rags(你怎能衣衫襤褸地去參加婚宴)? I went home out of breath(我上氣不接下氣地回家).