would rather的用法
一、would rather意思是“寧愿、寧可、更、最好、還是為好”,后接動(dòng)詞原形,常省略為’d rather,表示優(yōu)先選擇的一種方式
其否定形式是would rather not do sth.would rather沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,所有的人稱(chēng)一律用would rather.
“would rather+動(dòng)詞原形”是英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的一個(gè)慣用句式,美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中多用had rather.would (had)在此決無(wú)“過(guò)去”之意,它是一個(gè)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞,且無(wú)詞性、時(shí)態(tài)變化.
例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music. 李先生不愿意聽(tīng)搖滾音樂(lè).
If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here. 如果你寧愿獨(dú)自呆著,那我們都離開(kāi)這兒.
He’d rather work in the countryside. 她寧可到農(nóng)村去工作.
You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening. 今晚你最好呆在家中讀點(diǎn)書(shū).
二、如果在兩者中進(jìn)行取舍,表示“寧愿……而不愿……,與其……寧可……”的意思時(shí),則可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型
例 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我寧可在家看電視而不愿去看電影.
The children would walk there rather than take a bus. 孩子們寧愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽車(chē).
請(qǐng)注意 1） would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以顛倒為：rather than…would….Would(rather)和than后都接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式,若選用的動(dòng)詞相同,那么than 后的動(dòng)詞可以省略.
例 I would rather have noodles than rice. 我寧愿吃面條也不吃米飯.
He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜歡喝紅葡萄酒而不喜歡喝啤酒.
Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up. 與其在這樣差的條件下工作,他寧愿放棄.
2)使用would rather…than…句型時(shí)要注意“平行結(jié)構(gòu)”,即在than 的前后要用兩個(gè)同類(lèi)的詞或詞組,如兩個(gè)名詞、兩個(gè)不定式、兩個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)等.
例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. 我寧愿騎自行車(chē)也不愿乘公共汽車(chē)去上班.
I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. 我寧愿和他媽說(shuō)話而不愿和他爸說(shuō)話.
三、在疑問(wèn)句式中,would rather 與would rather…than…中的would要放在主語(yǔ)之前
例 Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在這里,還是回家?
Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜歡吃蘋(píng)果還是香蕉?
Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你寧愿看小說(shuō)而不愿朗讀詩(shī)歌嗎?
四、would rather+從句,是一個(gè)常用的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型 Would rather+從句,謂語(yǔ)一般用過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái).其意為“寧愿……,還是…… 好些”“一個(gè)人寧愿另一個(gè)人做某事”.引導(dǎo)從句的that常省略.在談到過(guò)去的動(dòng)作時(shí),謂語(yǔ)則用過(guò)去完成時(shí).
例 John wants to see me today. I would rather he came to tomorrow than today. 約翰今天想去看我.我寧愿他明天來(lái)看我而不是今天.(句中came不是表示過(guò)去而是表示將來(lái))
We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow. 我們寧愿他明天付給我們那筆錢(qián).
Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came next weekend. 明天別來(lái).我希望你下周末來(lái).
請(qǐng)注意 1） 如果談到過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,也就是表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情在選擇上不恰當(dāng).此時(shí),主句一般為I had rather ,其（that）從句則用過(guò)去完成時(shí). 例 Would rather you had not done that. 我真希望你沒(méi)有做那件事.
2）如果只涉及主語(yǔ)本人而不涉及另一個(gè)人,則would rather之后不接that從句而接have done結(jié)構(gòu).
例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night. 我真希望昨天晚上去看了戲而不是呆在家里. He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods． 他寧可窮也不愿意用不誠(chéng)實(shí)的手段獲取金錢(qián).
Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does．亨利希望他的女朋友和他在一個(gè)部門(mén)工作.
五、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的區(qū)別 would rather和would sooner之間一般沒(méi)有區(qū)別,但經(jīng)常接觸到的是would rather.
例Tom would rather/sooner read than talk． 湯姆寧可讀書(shū)而不愿談天. Tom prefers reading to talking．湯姆喜歡讀書(shū)而不喜歡談天.
請(qǐng)注意 1）would rather后跟不帶to的不定式+than+不帶 to的不定式,而prefer后跟動(dòng)名詞+to+動(dòng)名詞.有時(shí)prefer后面也可跟名詞,而在would rather之后要求只帶動(dòng)詞原形.
例 He prefers wine to beer．= He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜歡喝紅葡萄酒而不喜歡喝啤酒.
I prefer tennis to golf．= I’d rather play tennis than golf． 我喜歡打網(wǎng)球而不喜歡打高爾夫球. 2）某些 prefer+名詞的情況不能用 would rather完全確切地表達(dá)出來(lái)：He prefers dogs to cats．（他喜歡狗而不喜歡貓.）和 He would rather have dogs than cats．（他寧可養(yǎng)狗而不愿養(yǎng)貓.）很明顯,這兩句的意思并不完全相同.
3） would rather+不帶to的不定式有時(shí)可代替 would prefer+帶 to的不定式.
例 I’d rather fly than go by sea．=I’d prefer to fly． 我寧愿乘飛機(jī)也不愿乘船.
這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)后面帶名詞時(shí)情況也一樣：
例 —Would you like some gin?
—I’d prefer a coffee．=I’d rather have coffee than gin．
—您想喝點(diǎn)杜松子酒嗎?
—我想喝點(diǎn)咖啡./我想喝點(diǎn)咖啡,不想喝杜松子酒.
4）would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式,但后者帶to.
例 We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air=I’d prefer to have gone by air． 我們是乘船去的,可我本想乘飛機(jī)去.（我愿意乘飛機(jī)去,可我的愿望未能實(shí)現(xiàn).）這和 would like+不定式的完成式有點(diǎn)相似,would like+帶to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望
prefer的用法
1、后接不定式時(shí)與rather than 或instead of連用,如：He preferred to die rather than (to) steal. / He perferred to die instead of stealing. 他寧死也不去偷竊.
2、注意介詞搭配,如： I prefer swimming to skating. (I like swimming better than skating.)我喜歡游泳勝過(guò)滑冰.prefer 因其本身含有比較之意,而不可再與more 或most連用.
3、prefer＋名詞或動(dòng)名詞“寧愿”,“更喜歡”.He comes from Shanghai, so he prefers rice. 他是上海人,因此更喜歡吃米飯.I prefer going by bike.我寧愿騎單車(chē)去.I prefer the white one.我喜歡那個(gè)白的.
4、prefer to do “愿意做”.I prefer to go at once.我愿意馬上就走.
5、prefer sb. to do “愿意某人做” I prefer you to go at once.我倒希望你馬上就走.
6、prefer to sth.“寧愿做...而不做...”. I prefer tea to milk.我寧愿喝茶也不喝牛奶.I prefer watching TV to going out.
我寧愿看電視也不出去.
7、prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“寧愿做...而不做...” I prefer to watch TV rather than go out.我寧愿呆在家里也不出去.
8、prefer＋ that從句“寧愿”（從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）I prefer that you should do it.我寧愿你做這件事.