hope和wish的用法
兩詞都表示"希望",但在用法上有相同和不同之處,不能隨意互換.
一、相同之處
1.都可接不定式作賓語(yǔ).
We wish to see the film.
我們都希望看那部電影.
The children hope to do something for the old man.
這些孩子希望為這位老人做些事情.
2.都能以某些代詞作賓語(yǔ).
That's what you have wished.
那就是你所希望的.
You can't hope much from such people.
對(duì)于這樣的人,我們的希望不能過多.
3.都能與介詞for連用,后接名詞或某些不定代詞,表示"希望得到""祈求".
Do you hope for peace?
你希望和平嗎?
Do you wish for anything better?
你希望得到更好的東西嗎?
4.都可與過去過完成時(shí)連用,表示本來(lái)想做而沒做成.
I had hoped to come here,but I couldn't.
我本來(lái)希望來(lái)這里,但沒能做到.
He had wished to finish it on time,but he didn't.
他希望按時(shí)完成這件事,但沒有.
5.都用于It is / was to be…that的句型中.
It is to be hoped that she will get full marks in English.
希望她會(huì)在英語(yǔ)考試中得到滿分.
It is to be wished that the problem will soon be solved.
希望這個(gè)問題很快會(huì)得到解決.
二、不同之處
1.wish作為及物動(dòng)詞,可接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ),hope則不能.
Do you wish a pen or a book?
你要的是鋼筆還是書?
2.wish能接雙賓語(yǔ)表示祝愿,hope則不能.
I wish you success.我祝你成功.
3.wish能接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),hope則不能.
I wish you to go with me.
我希望你同我一道去.
4.wish和hope都能接that引導(dǎo)的從句,但wish后的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí),或過去完成時(shí)）,hope則用所需要的時(shí)態(tài).
I hope that he will win the game.
我希望他會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽.
I wish that I knew the answer.
我希望我知道這個(gè)答案.
I wish I had bought it yesterday.
我希望昨天買了它.
5.hope可與so或not連用,分別代替一個(gè)具有肯定和否定意義的賓語(yǔ)從句,以免重復(fù),wish則不能.
-Will it be fine tomorrow?
-I hope so.
-Will it rain tomorrow?
-I hope not.
三、wish,hope都可作名詞,可數(shù)或不可數(shù)均可,wish表示"愿望""心愿""祝愿",hope表示"希望".
1.My wish is to become a doctor.
我的愿望是當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生.
2.It is said that they have realized their wishes.
據(jù)說(shuō)他們已實(shí)現(xiàn)了他們的愿望.
3.I have no (not much) wish to see him.
我并不（不大）想見他.
4.Send him my best wishes.
請(qǐng)代我向他致意.
5.Where there is life there is hope.
有生命就有希望.
6.There is a hope of success.
有成功的希望.
7.He has some hope (s) of success.
他有成功的希望.