1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法
1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與表示頻腮度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：every…,sometimes,at…,on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學(xué)事實(shí).
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中.
Pride goes before a fall.驕者必?cái)?
注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中,即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性.
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說(shuō)明的示范性動(dòng)作,表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作.再如：Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back.第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志,表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況,所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).
2 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法
1）在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982等.
Where did you go just now?
2）表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作.
When I was a child,I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit,they were given a warm welcome.
3）句型：
It is time for sb.to do sth "到……時(shí)間了" "該……了"
It is time sb.did sth."時(shí)間已遲了" "早該……了"
It is time for you to go to bed.你該睡覺了.
It is time you went to bed.你早該睡覺了.
would (had) rather sb.did sth.表示'寧愿某人做某事'
I'd rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish,wonder,think,hope 等用過(guò)去時(shí),作試探性的詢問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求、建議等.
I thought you might have some.我以為你想要一些.
比較：
一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去,現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在.
Christine was an invalid all her life.
(含義：她已不在人間.)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.
(含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著)
Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州.)
Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
( 含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)
注意：用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在,表示委婉語(yǔ)氣.
1）動(dòng)詞want,hope,wonder,think,intend 等.
Did you want anything else?
I wondered if you could help me.
2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could,would.
Could you lend me your bike?
3 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：
a.表示現(xiàn)在( 指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情.
We are waiting for you.
b.習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作,說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行.
Mr.Green is writing another novel.
(說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài).)
She is learning piano under Mr.Smith.
c.表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等.
The leaves are turning red.
It's getting warmer and warmer.
d.與always,constantly,forever 等詞連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩.
You are always changing your mind.
典型例題
My dictionary ___,I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A.has lost,don't find B.is missing,don't find C.has lost,haven't found D.is missing,haven't found.
答案D.前句是一個(gè)仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài),應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí),由于沒有找到,其影響仍然存在,應(yīng)用完成時(shí),瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定式時(shí)可用于完成時(shí).