代詞吧
一、定義：
用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句.賓語從句可以用連詞that,連接代詞who,whom,what,which；連接副詞 how,when,where以及if和whether引起.連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中作一相應(yīng)的句子成分,if或whether表示疑問,而that沒有意義僅起連接作用.
二、賓語從句的分類：
1． 作動(dòng)詞的賓語從句：
如：Everyone knows that he is a good student.
He wondered how the pyramids were built.
2． 作介詞賓語：
如：This depends on how hard you work.
Is there anything wrong in what I said?
3． 作形容詞的賓語：
如：They are confident that they can do the job well.
I am not certain whether the train will arrive on time.
三：使用賓語從句要注意的問題：
1． 賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞that的省略：
在非正式場(chǎng)合下,that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),可以省略.
如：I think (that) you are right.
2． 形式賓語it：
如果賓語從句后面跟有補(bǔ)語,要用形式賓語it來代替,而將從句放到補(bǔ)語的后面去.如：He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.
I heard it said that that factory was founded in 1901.
3．賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)：
如果主句的謂語是過去時(shí),賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)要按照時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)規(guī)則進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整.但是若賓語從句表示的是客觀真理或自然觀念,其謂語時(shí)態(tài)仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).
如：He said that he had left his umbrella in the library.
The teacher told the students that the Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.
4． 賓語從句否定意義的轉(zhuǎn)移：
在think,believe,suppose,expect 等動(dòng)詞所根的賓語中,如果從句謂語是否定的,一般要將否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移至主句謂語上去,而將從句賓語變?yōu)榭隙ㄐ问?
如：I don’t think he has time to play chess with you.
I don’t suppose it is the rush hour yet.
5．一些動(dòng)詞接的賓語從句通常要用虛擬語氣：
一般說來,在一些表示堅(jiān)持(insist),命令(order,command),建議(suggest,advise),要求(require,demand) 等動(dòng)詞之后的賓語從句中,謂語一般要用“should +動(dòng)詞原形”（其中的should在美國英語中常省略,但是引導(dǎo)從句的that通常不省略）：
如：She suggested that we (should) leave early．
He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane．
6．whether 與 if
引導(dǎo)介詞賓語從句時(shí),只能用 whether,不用if；與“or not”連用時(shí),一般用whether,不用if.
如：I am interested in whether he'll go abroad．
We don't know whether he will come or not．
7．賓語從句的語序
連接詞后面為陳述語序.
如：I don’t know what your name is.
8．直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語
間接引語的使用應(yīng)注意選擇合適的動(dòng)詞.陳述用say／tell,疑問用ask／wonder,而祈使用 tell／order,建議用advise／suggest.注意這些動(dòng)詞后面的結(jié)構(gòu)和語氣.
如：“Could you get some tea for me?” Mr．Blake said to his wife．
→Mr.Blake asked his wife whether she could get some tea for him.
“Shall we go dancing tonight?”John said．
→John suggested they should go dancing tonight.