英語的時(shí)態(tài)（tense）是一種動詞形式,不同的時(shí)態(tài)用以表示不同的時(shí)間與方式.
下面就英語中常見的八種基本時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行闡述,其它的時(shí)態(tài)都是在這八種時(shí)態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合而成的.
一、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：
1.概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況.
2.時(shí)間狀語：always,usually,often,sometimes,every week (day,year,month...),once a week,on Sundays,
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞 原形 （如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),動詞上要加（e）S）
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don＇t,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesn＇t,通常還原行為動詞.
5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首；用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時(shí),還原行為動詞.
6.例句：It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
二、 一般過去時(shí)：
1.概念：過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為.
2.時(shí)間狀語：ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month…),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動詞；行為動詞
4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didn＇t,同時(shí)還原行為動詞.
5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時(shí)還原行為動詞.
6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.
I didn＇t know you were so busy.
三、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：
1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作及行為.
2.時(shí)間狀語：now,at this time,these days,etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首.
6.例句：How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：
1.概念：表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動作.
2.時(shí)間狀語：at this time yesterday,at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing
4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首.
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in,I was reading a newspaper.
五、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：
1.概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài).
2.時(shí)間狀語：recently,lately,since…for…,in the past few years,etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + done
4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑問句：have或has提前
6.例句：I＇ve written an article.
It has been raining these days.
六、 過去完成時(shí)：
1.概念：以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即“過去的過去”.
2.時(shí)間狀語：before,by the end of last year(term,month…),etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + done.
4.否定形式：had + not + done.
5.一般疑問句：had放于句首.
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station,the train had left.
By the end of last month.We had reviewed four books
七、 一般將來時(shí)：
1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事.
2.時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow,next day(week,month,year…),soon,in a few minutes,by…,the day after tomorrow,etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.
4.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行為動詞前加won＇t,同時(shí)還原行為動詞.
5.一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首.
6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 過去將來時(shí)：
1.概念：立足于過去某一時(shí)刻,從過去看將來,常用于賓語從句中.
2.時(shí)間狀語：the next day(morning,year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were/going to do；would/should + do.
4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首.
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .